INSIvCT NOTES FOR I912. 439 



sulphur is used in early spring for several successive seasons 

 the scales gradually decrease in number. Oil emulsions and 

 soap solutions are both to be recommended, when applied just 

 after the eggs hatch, but precautions must be taken in spraying 

 young trees with an oil emulsion to make the application in sun- 

 shiny weather lest the trees be injured. 



Chionaspis furfura Fitch. 



THE SCURFY SCALE. 



Fitch, 3rd Report, Ins. N. Y. p. 352, 1856. 



Cooley, Spec. Bui. Mass. Exp. Sta. p. 23, 1899. 



Herrick. Tech. Bui. No. 2. Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1911. 



"Scale of female. Usually grayish, often snow-white, and rather 

 irregular in shape. Apt to enlarge just beyond second exuvium and 

 bend to right or left. It is delicate in texture, flat and thin, and broad 

 posteriorly. Length 2.6 mm. to 3.2 mm. 



"Scale of male. It is small, snowy-white, narrow, tricarinated, and 

 usually straight. Length .7 mm. to i mm. 



"Female. There are three pairs of lobes, all of which are striated, 

 especially the median ones. The median lobes are large, rounded, and 

 entire. There is an oblique bar at the base of each and often an ellipti- 

 cal, chitinous ring is seen at their inner mesal bases. The second lobes 

 are divided, with the inner lobule the larger, and usually with its mesal 

 margin more or less chitinized. 



"The third lobes are also divided but are always small and often 

 obsolete. The inner lobule, at least, is usually serrate. There is a seta 

 on the lateral margins of the median lobes at their bases, one on the 

 outer lobules of the second and third lobes, and one just beyond the 

 second pair of marginal pores. The plates are as follows: i, i, i, i, 4-9. 

 The first plate is small and may be wanting, or at least is often missing. 

 The circumgenital pores are as follows: 



12 



8 



8 



10 



9 



27—33 



27—27 



20 — 22 



30—25 



23—22 



25—22 



25—25 



16—15 



23—27 



17—18" 



(Herrick 1911). 



"Remarks. This species was found on apple in Mississippi and on 

 Crataegus in Texas." (Herrick 1911). 



Life history. The winter is passed in the egg underneath the 

 scale of the female. As with the Oyster shell scale the young 

 hatch in June and soon fix themselves by their beaks either 

 upon the bark of the tree or upon the fruit. In the south it is 

 stated to have 2 or 3 generations per season, but in the north 

 there is but one generation. The species is said to occur in 



