446 MAINi: AGRICUI^TURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I912. 



About 20 gallons of the water were heated, and when this began to- 

 boil the dissolved soap and then the lye were added. This mixture was 

 then removed to the tank, and the rest of the water (66 gallons) added,, 

 making 86 gallons in all. The spray pump engine was then started and 

 the crude oil slowly poured into the tank, the mixture being violently- 

 agitated by the tank agitator. A perfect emulsion resulted." 



Pulvinaria vitis. (Fig. 489). 

 Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. I, 741, 16, 1735. 

 Newstead, Monog. Brit. Coccidae, II, p. 51, 1903. 



Pulvinaria innumerabilis of American authors is a synonym.. 



"Female at period of parturition more or less cordate, narrowest in 

 front, posterior extremity emarginate, anal cleft deep ; transversely 

 wrinkled and punctate; dorsum slightly ridged, and where the trans- 

 verse wrinkles are deepest they often form conspicuous projections.. 

 Colour pale to dark chestnut-brown, with a median line of pale ochreous 

 or brownish red. At the completion of the ovisac the extremities of 

 the body ctirve upwards and inwards, the cephalic area only remaining 

 attached to the food-plant. So much is the body wrinkled at this stage 

 that the dermis has often the appearance of being deeply folded. After 

 parturition the colour changes to a uniform pale or dark chestnut-brown, 

 and the dermis is slightly shining. Antennse normally of eight joints,. 

 but there are sometimes only seven. Formula 3, 4, 5, 2, 8, i (6, 7), or 

 (3) S). (2, 4), (6, 7), 8, I. In all the specimens the second joint possesses 

 a very long hair, and there is a slightly shorter one on the fifth joint,, 

 and on the terminal one are five or six. Legs ordinary; digitules to 

 tarsus simple, those of the claw rather strongly dilated. Loop of 

 rostrum scarcely reaching insertion of intermediate legs ; mentum uni- 

 articulate and small. Dermis with numerous ovate or approximately 

 circular pores, and fine pentagonal tesselations, which usually disappear 

 in boiling caustic potash. Marginal hairs small, slender, and generally 

 curved. Stigmatic chanriel with minute circular spinnerets; marginal 

 spines in a group of three, of which the centre one is much the longest 

 and very slightly curved. Anal ring of eight hairs, enveloped, as in the- 

 genus Lecanium, in a thin and finely striate tube, which partly obscures- 

 the hairs of the anal ring within. Anal lobes with several fine hairs 

 at the apex. 



"The young adult female exactly resembles a Lecanium. Colour, under 

 a lens, ochreous or dark yellow, rendered almost obscure by more or 

 less confluent black spots; dorsum with a median ochreous or dull 

 crimson band ; to the naked eye the females appear dark smoky-brown 

 in colour, with a faint olivaceous tinge, but the dorsal band is usually- 

 distinct. 



"Larva with the antennse of six joints; formula (3, 6), 2 (i, 4, si- 

 Legs ordinary. Anal ring with six hairs." (Newstead 1903). 



