APPLE INSECTS OF MAINE. 

 F. L. Harvey and W. M. Munson. 



Specific directions for spraying the apple for insect and 

 fungous pests have been prepared by one of the writers and will 

 be sent, free of cost, on application to the Agricultural Experi- 

 ment Station, Orono, Maine. The indiscriminate killing of 

 insects should, however, be guarded against, as all are not inju- 

 rious. Many are parasites upon the injurious species, or at some 

 period devour their eggs or young. 



These beneficial insects should be recognized when seen, and 

 should be protected and encouraged. Attention is particularly 

 called to the ichneumon, syrphus and tachina flies, and to the 

 lady birds and ground beetles, illustrated in plate I. The 

 ichneumon flies have four wings and are related to the wasps and 

 bees. There are numerous minute forms which prey upon the 

 eggs and larvae of injurious insects, and larger forms that deposit 

 their eggs upon the caterpillars. Syrphus and tachina flies are 

 two-winged insects, the former of which, in the larval stage, 

 devour plant lice, and the latter are parasitic upon the larvae of 

 other species. The lady birds and ground beetles are carnivo- 

 rous, feeding upon both larvae and perfect forms of other insects. 



In the following pages only the more important insects inju- 

 rious to the apple are discussed, and methods of treatment sug- 

 gested. 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



An insect with a complete life history passes through four 

 stages; viz., egg, larva, chrysalis. or pupa, and imago or mature 

 insect. The egg hatches into tne larva — i. e. caterpillar, worm, 

 grub, or maggot, as the case may be ; the larva, after a time, 

 changes to the pupa or chrysalis, which is the inactive or resting 

 state, and may be naked or enclosed in a cocoon ; the pupa, after 

 a longer or shorter period, develops into the imago or perfect 

 insect. 



