114 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMEXT STATIOX. 



and the young are produced alive. Toward the fall the broods contain 

 both winged females and winged males, which have not much down on 

 them and are plump and nearly black. The fore wings are about twice 

 as long as the narrow hind ones. These winged females fly about to 

 other trees and lay ^gs, establishing new colonies. During the early 

 part of the season this form of the insect is found in clusters about the 

 base of the trunk, upon suckers or twigs springing from the trunk, but 

 in auttmm they commonly attack the axils of the leaves and sometimes 

 cover the whole under surface of the limbs and trunk, making the tree 

 look as though whitewashed. 



Remedies. 

 In early spring wash the tree with a strong solution of soft- 

 soap or washing powder. Later in the season spray with kero- 

 sene emulsion. 



B. Insects Affecting the Foliage. 

 THE BUD MOTH. Ttnetoccra ocellana, Schlieff. 

 This is probably one of the worst pests to apple orchards in 

 Maine. It works in the unfolding flower and leaf buds of 

 orchard trees, often doing great damage to the crop, besides 

 attacking nurserj' stock and young trees. It seems to be on the 

 increase in Maine and did much damage in the season of 1899. 

 It is an European insect but is now widely distributed in the 

 northern U. S. and Canada. Besides the apple, it feeds upon 

 the pear, plmn, cherr\-, quince and peach trees, and in Maine has 

 been bred from blackberry plants. 



Description. 



Eggs. — ^Disc-shaped, transparent, flattened, usually oval or sometimes 

 circular in outline. The center of the disc elevated, the outer flat rim 

 attached to the leaf. 



Larva. — When first hatched, greenish, with head and hrst thoracic seg- 

 ment black. It molts four times before hibernating. The half-grown 

 caterpillar, which appears on the buds in spring, is about one-sixth of an 

 inch long, brown, with a black head, thorax, shield and legs. When full 

 fed, about the last of T.ine. it changes to the puca stage wkitiii a tube 

 of dead leaves. 



Pupa. — flight brown, about a quarter of an inch long. On the back of 

 each abdominal segment are two transverse rows of teeth directed back- 

 ward. 



Perfect Insect — ^A moth with three-fifths inch spread of wings. It 

 may be known by the ash-gray color of the fore wings, lyhich are banded 

 across the middle with a cream white band. 



