POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION OF FLOWERS. 225 



point at which the pollen-tul:)e reaches the nucelkis. As is well 

 known, the normal point of entrance is the micropyle. It is an 

 interesting fact, however, that in some genera, the tube enters 

 through the chalasal region — a fact first pointed out by Treub 

 in the case of Casuarina/^' 



A similar phenomenon occurs in Betula, Alnus, Corylus, and 

 Carpinus as shown by Benson, f and in Juglans as shown by 

 Nawaschin.ij: As yet, however, the subject has received but 

 little attention. 



SOME SECONDARY EFFECTS OF POLLINATION. 



While the primary object of all pollination is the production 

 of fertile seed, there are certain secondary effects which are of 

 interest to the botanist, and which may often be of great prac- 

 tical value. Some of these secondary results have been detailed 

 in previous reports, but the work actually done here at the 

 Experiment Station may be summarized in this connection. 



Immediate Effects of Pollen. — Even before the sexual theory 

 regarding plant reproduction was commonly accepted, the ques- 

 tion of the immediate effect of pollen on the form and character 

 of the pistillate parent received attention from careful observers. 

 Early in the i8th century it was thought that the flavor and 

 keeping quality of apples might be changed at will by using dif- 

 ferent pollen. Bradley§ at that time stated that 'if the Codlin 

 be impregnated with the farina of Pearmain, the fruit so impreg- 

 nated would last longer than usual and be of a sharper taste.' 

 From that time to the present there has been a sharp contro- 

 versy concerning this point. The writer's work in this connec- 

 tion has been mainly confined to theCucurbitaceje and Solanacese, 

 in which groups widely varying types have been crossed, but in 

 no instance has there been observed an immediate effect. 



*Treulj: "Sur les Casuarinees et leur place dans le systeiiie natural." -Ann. du 

 Jard. Bot. de Buitenzorg, x, l-).5-231. Cited by Benson, 1. e. 



t Benson, Miss M.: "Embryology of British Anieutitera^." Trans. Linn. Soc, 

 Sec. Ser., 3 (Bot.), 413, (1S94). 



J"Ein neues Beispeil der dialazogauiie." Botaniselu'S .Vustrulblatt, Bd. G3, p. 

 353 (1S95). 



§ Bradley: "New improvements in planting and gardening," p. IS, (Tthed., 1739). 



