POULTRY DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



87 



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Catarrh. — (Simple Catarrh; Non-contagious Catarrh; Cold.) 



One of the most common 

 diseases of the air passages 

 is catarrh (cold). It is 

 often hard to distinguish 

 this disease from early 

 stages of roup and diph- 

 theria. The characteristic 

 symptoms of the latter dis- 

 ease should be carefully 

 looked for, lest the flock 

 become infected with a dan- 

 gerous contagious disease. 

 In cases where there is a 

 suspicion of either of these 

 diseases it is better to iso- 

 late the sick birds. Catarrh 

 is non-contagious. It usu- 

 ally affects only a few indi- 

 viduals in the flock, but in 

 cases of exposure of the 

 flock to the unfavorable 

 conditions which cause the 

 disease it may occur in 

 quite a number of birds a^" 

 the same time. 



Diagnosis. vSalmon gives the following description of the 

 symptoms of this disease : "In simple, non-contagious catarrh, 

 the affected birds are more or less dull, they are disinclined to 

 move, their appetites are diminished, they sneeze and the mucous 

 membrane is thickened, causing some obstruction to breathing 

 through the nostrils. There soon appears a thin, water dis- 

 charge which later becomes thicker and glutinous, the eyes are 

 often watery, the eyelids swollen and sometimes held together 

 by a thick, viscid secretion. In very severe cases, the birds are 

 somnolent, the plumage is erect and roughened, the nostrils are 

 completely obstructed by the thick secretion, the breathing is 

 entirely through the, mouth and is accompanied by a wheezing 

 or snoring sound, the appetite is entirely lost, a thin liquid es- 

 capes from the mouth and the bird soon becomes exhausted and 

 dies." 



Fig. 14. A — Lobule of the lung of 

 a bird represented in ideal longi- 

 tudinal section ; a, a, secondary 

 bronchi ; b, b, tertiary bronchi. 

 B. — Plexus of blood vessels which 

 chiefly compose the pulmonary 

 tissue. (After Owen). 



