Il6 POULTRY DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



Fowl cholera Infectious leukaemia 



7. Lungs afifected, hyperaemic or 7. Lungs normal ,excepting in 



pneumonic. modified cases. 



8. Specific organisms appear in 8. Specific organisms compara- 



large numbers in the blood tively few in the blood and 



and organs. organs. 



9. Blood pale (cause not deter- 9. Blood pale, marked diminu- 



mined). tion in the number of red 



10. Condition of leucocytes not de- corpuscles. 



termined. 10. Licrease in the number of 



leucocytes. 



Attention should be called to the fact that as yet there seems 

 not to have been a careful study of the condition of the blood in 

 fowl cholera. Dr. Salmon observed many changes in this fluid 

 which may have been similar to or identical with those herein 

 recorded. 



On p. 201 of Dr. Moore's paper he gives the method of differ- 

 entiating- the two bacteria. This is, of course, dependent on 

 microscopic examination and cultural tests. A full description 

 of Bactermm sangiiinarium is given by Moore on pp. 188-191 of 

 the paper cited above. 



Btiology. — The disease is caused by a non-motile, rod-shaped 

 bacterium {Bacterium sangiiinarium.) This bacterium causes 

 the disease when injected into the blood or when fed. In a few 

 cases fowls are known to have contracted the disease by picking 

 up the droppings of infected fowls. 



More recent work* indicates that there is at least one sort of 

 transmissible fowl leukaemia which is dependent upon a filter- 

 able virus, rather than upon a visible organism. 



Moore says : "This disease of fowls has not been found in 

 flocks where a good sanitary regime has been enforced. It is 

 highly probable that it is a filth disease, being dependent upon 

 unfavorable environments quite as much as the specific organism 

 for the ability to run a rapidly fatal course and of spreading to 

 the entire flock." 



Treatment. — Prevention is the only known treatment. A 

 maintenance of generally sanitary conditions and the avoidance 

 of the introduction of diseased birds are effectual. If the dis- 



*Ellerman, V., and Bang. O., Cent. f. Bakt., Orig., 1908 xlvi, p. 595; 

 Ztschr f. Hyg. u. inf .Krnkh., 1909, Ixiii, p. 231. 



Hirchfield, H., and Jacoby, M., Ztschr f. klin. Med. 1909-10, Ixix, 

 p. 107. 



