Complete utilization is possible, the edgings being made into 

 kindling and the shavings baled and sold for bedding. 



Enemies: Young stands are susceptible to severe injury from 

 fire on account of the thin bark of the trees at this stage of their 

 development. It is necessary, therefore, to carefully exclude 

 fire from plantations or areas being restocked by methods of 

 natural regeneration. Older trees are more resistant but fire 

 injures even these to a considerable extent. 



After the trees are a little older, say from 5 to 20 years old, 

 the greatest cause of damage is the white pine weevil, {Pissodes 

 strobi, Peck.) a small snout beetle which in the larvae stage 

 buries itself under the bark of the leading shoot. It seems to 

 prefer the best and most thrifty specimens in the stand. 



These tiny white v.?orms eat their way through the living cam- 

 bium which is between the wood and the bark, and by so doing 

 usually succeed in girdling the shoot which is as a rule the lead- 

 ing shoot, causing it to turn brown, wither, and die. A side 

 shoot then usually takes the place of the injured leader, but this 

 causes a crook in the tree at this point, making a deformed stem 

 right in the most valuable part of the tree, (the butt log), and 

 thereby greatly lessening the merchantable value of the tree. 

 The only remedy is to cut ofif the afifected shoots and burn them 

 while the grubs are still in them. This will prevent them from 

 spreading to other trees, but will not, of course,' save the af- 

 fected trees. Spraying with a preventive wash consisting of one 

 pound of whale-oil soap dissolved in 100 gallons of water with a 

 little paris-green added, may keep ofif the weevil. 



Animals should not be allowed to graze on planted areas or 

 on those about to be reforested by natural methods. The dam- 

 age done by them is chiefly in breaking and trampling the young 

 seedlings and in packing the soil, since they seldom eat the pine 

 tops on account of the resinous material contained in them 

 which is distasteful to most animals. 



Reproduction: White pine does not sprout but reproduces 

 only from seed. The seed is in the cone or "burr" as it is some- 

 times called. These are borne on the under side of the branches 

 and near the end and they consist of many scales arranged 

 spirally on a central stem. On the upper surface of each fer- 

 tile scale, two seeds are developed, each having a film-like wing 

 attached to it. This wing- is about four times the length of the 



