ORCHARD SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS IN I912. 59 



nate of lead. During both seasons much damage from spray 

 injury resulted to both foliage and fruit, particularly on the Ben 

 Davis. Since 1910 the main orchards have been sprayed yearly 

 with home-cooked lime-sulphur and with uniform success as far 

 as spray injury was concerned. 



On account of weather conditions no real severe test of lime- 

 sulphur as a means of control of apple scab was experienced 

 until the present- year, although the data secured in 1910 were 

 sufficiently conclusive for practical purposes with regard to cer- 

 tain questions under consideration. The artificially cooked 

 lime-sulphur gave that year, as a rule, much better results as to 

 scab control than did the self-boiled article. The results in 1910 

 were also slightly in its favor in this respect when compared 

 with bordeaux mixture. The commercial brands of concen- 

 trated lime-sulphur were, during that season, somewhat more 

 effective than the home-cooked material, but this advantage was 

 not considered sufficient to offset the greater cost of the former 

 for large orchards. 



\Mth regard to injury to foliage and fruit all of the lime- 

 sulphur sprays proved to be much more satisfactory than bor- 

 deaux mixture, although one proprietary spray, the name of 

 which indicated that it was some sort of a sulphur compound, 

 produced much greater spray injury than did bordeaux mix- 

 ture. However, in these orchards of over 2300 trees, mostly 

 Ben Davis and Baldwin, wherever bordeaux mixture has been 

 used during the past four years the resulting injury to foliage 

 and fruit has, as a rule, more than oft'set the benefits derived 

 from fungus control. It will be seen later that during 1912, 

 while the foliage escaped, much russeting was produced on the 

 fruit. On the other hand, properly made and properly applied 

 lime-sulphur has produced practicall}^ no foliage injury and very 

 little russeting of the fruit could be attributed to it. At the 

 same time when applied at the proper time, particularly in the 

 experiments to be described in this bulletin, it was quite eft'ective 

 in the control of the apple scab fungus on both foliage and fruit. 



While it has been shown conclusively in these experiments 

 and those conducted elsewhere that lime-sulphur is a much 

 safer spray to use on those varieties of apples like the Ben 

 Davis which are very susceptible to spray injur}-, there are cer- 

 tain varieties of apples which are not injured or are but slightly 



