Pupae of Some Maine Species of Notodontoidea 49 



spiracles and on the cremaster ; head, as seen in ventral view, 

 with three small tubercles along the cephalic margin, one on the 

 meson, and one on each side of it; face-parts and appendages 

 ■not elevated, except th^ cephalic fourth of each antenna which 

 shows a low ridge along the median line, the tubercles on the 

 ridge causing the lateral margins of the head to appear serrate; 

 antennae covered with minute tubercles; prothorax with a slight- 

 ly elevated median ridge which is almost always lighter in color 

 than the remainder of the segment ; middle line of mesothorax 

 usually marked by a pale yellowish line; abdominal segments 

 1 to 8 densely punctate, the ninth practically smooth, the tenth 

 segment and cremaster irregularly rugose; spiracles ovate in 

 outline, the openings elliptical; spiracular furrows of the fifth 

 abdominal segment indistinct, very slightly elevated and in- 

 terrupted by punctures ; cremaster triangular, with two heavy 

 curved spines at the distal end, each about 6 mm. long, and three 

 hooked setae along each lateral margin. 



Length 18 to 23 mm. ; greatest width 7 mm. 



The larvae of this species were the largest of any geometrid 

 collected in Maine being about three inches long. They are 

 dark brown to nearly black in color, with a prominent ridge on 

 the mesothorax and one near the caudal end of the body. These 

 ridges have a small orange tubercle at each side. Near the mid- 

 dle of the body is a very prominent ^brown tubercle on each side 

 the meson, resembling the winter buds of the maple tree, so 

 that when this larva mimics a twig, these tubercles pass for buds. 

 They were collected from apple and maple, but are said to feed 

 on a variety of trees. When ready to pupate, the larvae spin a 

 few threads of silk and draw two leaves together and the pupa 

 fastens the hooks on the cremaster into this silk. The larvae 

 were most numerous the latter part of July, and the first one 

 pupated August 10. The adults emerge in the spring. The 

 pupae of this species resemble those of the genus Sahiilodes 

 very strongly, so no figure is shown. They differ, however, in 

 the tubercles on the head and antennae, and in the irregularly 

 rugose cremaster and tenth abdominal segment, and in never 

 having any portion of the prothoracic femur exposed. The pu- 

 pae of Abhotana never become hard and firm as most pupae do, 

 but are always soft and yielding to the touch. They are normal- 

 ly much larger than those of Sabuludcs. 



