AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 39 



Several facts are very plainly set forth by the above figures. 

 The most noticeable fact is that the behavior of the milk from the 

 various animals is greatly different. For instance, in the skimmed 

 milk from the cow Agnes only 12.3 pounds of fat were left during 

 the entire year, whereas the amount in the case of the cow Queen 

 Linda is seen to be 68.1 pounds. It cannot be said that poor 

 manipulation of the milk is the cause of the large waste in the 

 case of the latter animal, because the milk was treated exactly 

 alike .in the two cases. 



It is claimed by certain parties that where a can is only par- 

 tially filled the creaming is not as perfect as with full caus, but 

 granting that this is true, the effect of this condition should be 

 seen to as great an extent with the two Jerseys as with the ani- 

 mals of the other breeds. On the contrary, we see that the 

 creaming of the Jersey milk has been very satisfactory, notwith- 

 standing the cans have for part of the time only contained a small 

 amount of milk. The fact simply is that the cold setting process 

 is able to do for one kind of milk what it cannot do for another. 

 Where the manipulation of the milk has been entirely the same in 

 all cases, we must look to the constitution of the milk for an ex- 

 planation of this difference in behavior. A reference to the 

 work done by Mr. Merrill in studying the milk globules of these 

 various animals, which appears later on, seems to offer a 

 satisfactory partial explanation of the great difference in the 

 readiness in which the fat globules come to the surface in the two 

 cases cited. 



The loss of fat in the skimmed milk has varied from 10.8 pounds 

 yearly to 66.1 pounds, or an average for the six cows of 30.6 

 pounds. By the use of a centrifuge it would be possible to 

 remove all but about seven pounds of this fat, which would be 

 equivalent to a gain of thirty pounds of butter per cow. This 

 would amount to an increased income per animal of about six 

 dollars. It remains for the farmer to determine whether with his 

 herd of ten to twenty cows such an income would warrant either 

 the use of a centrifuge at home, or the shipping of his milk to a 

 factory where the cream is separated by the centrifugal process. 

 It is fair to remark, that with a herd of Jerseys or grade Jersevs 

 the gain made by discarding the cold setting process would un- 

 doubtedly not be as great. Another fact prominently brought to 

 view by these figures is that the great waste of butter fat is in 

 the skimmed milk, the waste in the butter milk being of compara- 

 tively little importance. 



