AGKICULTUKAL EXl'EIMMKNT STATION. 



133 



The young when first hatched appear like specks of mold, 

 being covered with fine white down. As they get older the cot- 

 tony covering becomes more distinct, apparently issuing from the 

 pores of the skin of the abdomen and attaining considerable 

 length. The young have beaks longer than the I tody and when 

 grown this organ is fully two-thirds the length of the body. By 

 means of the beak they attach themselves to the root or branches, 

 and when abundant, draw heavily upon the vitality of the tree, or 

 may even kill it. 



When full grown the females are about one-tenth of an inch 

 long, oval, head and feet black, legs and antennae dusky, abdomen 

 yellowish, body covered with white mealy powder, a tuft of long, 

 easih 7 detached down upon the hinder part. Under each patch of 

 clown is usually found a female and her young. During the sum- 

 mer the females are wingless and the youug are produced alive. 

 Toward fall the broods contain both winged females and winged 

 males, which have not much down on them and are nearly 

 black and plump. The fore wings are about twice as long as the 

 narrow hind ones. These winged females fly to other trees and 

 lay eggs, establishing new colonies. During the early part of the 

 season this form of the insect is found in clusters about the base 

 of the trunk, upon suckers or twigs springing from the trunk, but 

 in autumn they commonly affect the axils of the leaves and some- 

 times cover the whole under surface of the limbs and trunk, mak- 

 ing the tree look as though whitewashed. 



Fig. 8. 



Fig. 9. 



Figure 8 shows the insect magnified. The centre of the figure 

 represents a portion of a twig showing how the lice collect about 

 the axils of the leaves. 



Figure 9 shows the winged insect much enlarged, a cluster of 

 the young enlarged and an apple twig natural size, showing an 

 opening in the bark caused by the puncture of this insect. 



