14 Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. 1919. 



The extent to which birds, toads and other animals may 

 serve to reduce their numbers is open to study. 



Certain fungi which attack insects may also be considered 

 as possible checks on this species. While no extended effort 

 has been possible we have found one form at least which is 

 probably nearly related if not identical with a form occurring 

 on aphids. (Entomophthora aphidis.) 



Measures for Control 



While the main efforts during this summer's studies have 

 been directed toward solving a number of puzzling questions 

 as to the development and habits of the species and while some 

 definite experiments are needed with certain measures that may 

 be suggested on the strength of the facts learned there is cer- 

 tainly a very definite basis established for certain kinds of 

 treatment that should do much to reduce the numbers of the 

 insect. 



The most fundamental point determined with reference to 

 the insect in connection with control is doubtless the fact that 

 the eggs are deposited in the stems of plants in the fields where 

 the insect has been present. This, in connection with the fact 

 that the great majority, probably ninety per cent of the females, 

 are wingless, means that we know that practically all the eggs 

 deposited in mid-summer are in the old timothy meadows and 

 that any measure which will destroy them in this location will 

 have immediate effect in preventing further loss from this 

 source. 



It is very evident that plowing under and planting of the 

 field to a different crop will absolutely prevent further injury 

 from the stock of insects established in any old meadow and 

 therefore rotation where this is practicable may be counted a 

 certain remedy for the field concerned. However, for the pro- 

 tection of adjacent fields or in order to exterminate the insect 

 as completely as possible the borders of the fields and the fence 

 rows usually supporting a considerable growth of grass should 

 be remembered and, for the disposal of this insect, should be 

 plowed as closely to the border as possible or burned over when 

 the grass is dry so as to destroy the eggs as completely as pos- 

 sible. 



