162 Rajendralala Mitra — On Leprosy in Ancient India. [August, 



phlegm the mandala, the wind and the bile the risTiyajihva, the bile and 

 the phlegm the paundarika ; the phlegm and the wind the sidlima, and 

 the three together the Jcakanaka. 



" Excessive physical exercise after exposure to too much heat or too 

 much cold ; taking food after surfeit ; eating of fish with milk ; using bar- 

 ley and several other grains, such as hayanaka, dalaka, karodusd, &c, along 

 with venison, milk, curdled milk, and buttermilk ; excessive sexual inter- 

 course ; long protracted excessive fear or labour ; fatigue, interruption of 

 catarrh, &c, vitiate the phlegm, the bile and the wind, hence the skin and 

 the three others become slackened. Thus irritated, the three elements 

 corrupt the skin and others, and produce kushtha. 



" The premonitory symptoms of kushtha are as follow : "Want or excess 

 of perspiration, roughness, discolouration, itching and insensibility of the 

 skin, pain, horripilation, eruptions and excessive pain on the parts that are 

 about to fall off. 



" Some kushtha eruptions are red, rough, spreading and small ; they cause 

 horripilation, slight itching, pain, and discharge of matter and sanies. 

 These are caused by wind, and are called kapala-kushtha (scaley). 



" Those that are of a coppery colour, which discharge matter, blood and 

 sanies, cause itching pain, inflammation and burning, and produce worms, 

 are also caused by wind. They appear like the ripe fig, and are hence 

 called audumbara, (fig-like). 



" Some are cold to the touch, raised, hard, reddish-white, clammy, itch- 

 ing and infested with worms. These too are caused by wind ; they are 

 called mandala (circular). 



" Those which are rough, red, white, yellow, blue or coppery, producing 

 itching pain, worms, burning sensation, and insensibility, are also caused 

 by wind.- They have the appearance of the tongue of an antelope, and are 

 hence called Hishi/ajihvd. 



" Those which are white or red, spreading and elevated ; which discharge 

 blood, pus and sanies, and produce itching, are also caused by wind. They 

 appear like the leaves of the white lotus, and hence are called Paundarika. 



"Those that are rough, red, thin, internally cold, sometimes reddish- 

 white, which cause slight pain, itching, burning, and discharge of pus and 

 sanies, are also caused by wind. They appear like the flowers of the pump- 

 kin, and are called sidlima. 



" Kdkanalca and others have all the symptoms of hushtha. They are 

 incurable, while the others are curable. That which is incurable, can never 

 be cured, and those which are curable sometimes become incurable. 



" The wind causes coppery red roughness, pain, inflammation, shrinking, 

 horripilation and insensibility of the skin. The bile produces burning, per- 

 spiration, pain, discharge of blood and suppuration. The phlegm causes 

 whiteness, coldness, itching and confluent pimples. 



