CHERMES OF MAINE CONIFERS. 3OL 



the pine needles with head toward the tip and some with head 

 toward the base. 



Besides the out-of-door obser\^ation of the migrants on white 

 pine, a laboratory test was given. July 19 a lot of galls from 

 which floccus were emerging were placed in a cage among the 

 following conifers which were kept fresh in vials. 



July 21 migrants had settled and deposited egg clusters as 

 follows : 



Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P Black spruce o 



Picea rubra Dietr Red spruce o 



Picea ahies (L.) Karst Norway spruce o 



Picea canadensis (Mill.) B. vS. P. . . .White spruce 5 



Ahies halsamea (L.) Mill Balsam fir o 



Tsuga canadensis Carr Hemlock o 



Pinus laricio Foiv. vsiv.austriaca Endl Austrian pine o 



Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine o 



Pinus strobus L White pine 92 



Thxtya occidentalis L Arbor vitae o 



July 21, two small tips of white pine alone were put with 

 floccus galls. In 48 hours 57 Chermes had oviposited on one 

 and 117 on the other. These eggs began to hatch July 28. 



Chermes similis Gillette. 



On July 9, 1909, my attention was called to some scraggly 

 twigs of Norway spruce which proved to be deformed by Chermes. 

 These galls resemble somewhat those of floccus but they are 

 less regular. Fig. 142 pictures these. Winged specimens were 

 emerging from these galls on date of collection. A search of 

 white, red and black spruces resulted in taking the same galls 

 on all these. These galls are very loose in structure and syrphus 

 maggots freely helped themselves to their contents. 



Galls from all these spruces contained pupae practically ready 

 to molt and become the winged form, and also a few very small 

 apterous oviparous individuals which were laying clusters of 

 eggs in little woolly masses. These apterous forms were also 

 found with their eggs in woolly masses along the stem and in 

 one case on the outside of gall of floccus (fig. 134.) They were 

 reddish brown and were .5 mm. to i.o mm. long. 



The winged forms from the Norway spruce out of doors 

 were migrating. On the other hand, the winged ones from 



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