2 



attention to the weak and strong point; in its life changes, indi- 

 cate useless methods of coping with it and suggest such preventive 

 and direct remedial measures as are likely to check its ravages. 



LIFE HISTORY. 



The perfect insect is a two-winged fly somewhat smaller than the 

 house fly. 



It was briefly described in the Annual Report of the Experi- 

 ment Station. 1?>*. page 175. The figure there given of the 

 female shows the general nature of the fly. though incorrect in 

 some details. 



The flies appear in this State early in Julv and continue to 

 emerge from the ground for about six weeks or two months". 

 They soon beg ; n to deposit eggs in the early apples, which are at 

 that time from one-half to two-thirds grown. The later flies affect 

 the later varieties. 



Each female is capable of depositing over 300 eggs, which are 

 inserted from time to time, one in a place, by means of a sharp 

 ovipositor, through the skin of the apple. The maggots hatch in 

 a few days and become full grown in four to six weeks when they 

 are one-fourth inch long. They tunnel or ■ -railroad" the pulp of 

 the apple rendering it worthless. 



The larvae remain in the apples until they are ripe and occur as 

 abundantly in the windfalls as in the hanging fruit. Larvae of 

 several ages may be found in the same fruit. Soon after they 

 are mature the larva; leave the apples through characteristic irreg- 

 ular openings in the skin, and if conditions are favorable, go into 

 the ground an inch or less, or on sod ground, they remain about 

 the grass roots. In a short time they change to the pupa state 

 and remain in that condition until the next season when the flies 

 emerge again. There is no evidence whatever of a second brood. 

 The larvae contained in stored fruit leave it and go into the pupa 

 state in the barrels or bin. and under favorable conditions probably 

 come out the following spring. 



REMEDIES. 



USELESS METHODS. 



1. Spraying early in the season when the apples are small 

 would do no good as the flies are not en the wing until July. 

 when the early fruit is fully half or two-thirds grown, and too 

 large to spray with safety. 



2. Though in confinement the flies are verv fond of sugar, vet 



