xlvii. 



a soft aluminous stone of reddish white, pink, and brown tints 

 is used for building. Immediately to the west of the village 

 these beds are dipping 85 degrees to the westward, and are over- 

 laid by soft red gritty quartzose sandstones ; and towards 

 the summit of the Mount thick bedded quartzose sandstones 

 and siliceous freestones dipping at about 15 or 25 degrees to 

 the westward." 



These beds occur in great anticlinal and synclinal undula- 

 tions, such as is seen in the singular and picturesque Pound 

 Ranges at Wilpeua and Warraweena. Their sequence, as 

 determined by Mr. Selwyn, is as follows, in descending 

 order : — 



1. The upper quartzose sandstone and quartz rock series, 

 which, commencing with the summit of Mount Remarkable, 

 extends through all the peculiar flat-topped and tent-shaped 

 bills west of Port Augusta, and forms generally the summits of 

 all the higher peaks and ranges as far north as Mount Serle. 



2. The hard fine-grained and micaceous green, grey, and 

 purple slate, sandstone, and flag series underlying the above, as 

 seen in the Flinders Range at Horrock's Pass, and in Elder's 

 and Chase's Range, and on the west side of Spencer's Gulf. 



3. The siliceo-calcareous series, forming the axis of the great 

 anticline at Arqueba, and at Angorigina, Appealina, and 

 Oratunga. 



•A. The dark blue fine-grained arenaceous flags and sandstones 

 of Appealina. 



We need to place in this group of strata the coarse siliceous 

 sandstones that form the higher portions of the Mount Lofty 

 Ranges, which Mr. Selwyn considered as part of an upper un- 

 conformable formation. From a cursory examination I was led 

 to form the same opinion, and estimated the thickness of the 

 unconformable beds on Mount Lofty at 700 feet. The extent 

 of the coarse sandstones is fairly well defined by the forest of 

 the Stringybark Eucalyptus. 



No trace of organic remains had been found by Mr. Selwyn, 

 " unless, indeed," he writes, " the peculiar circular and oval 

 shaped markings in the quartzose sandstones west of Port 

 Augusta are annelide tracks." 



Strong presumptive evidence of the fossiliferous nature of 

 some of the rocks which occupy the surface of the Northern 

 Areas is afforded by the following observation : — I have in my 

 possession an ovoid stone, such as is used by the aborigines for 

 pounding nanloo seeds. It was picked up by Mr. Gipps (then 

 on the Ordnance Survey) in the Lake Torrens district, who 

 noticing traces of fossils on the exterior broke it across, and 

 thereby happily displayed several well preserved specimens of 



