lxv. 



(2.) Smooth, grooved, and striated rock surface, and moraine 

 debris at Black Point forming the southern boundary of 

 Holdfast Bay. 



That headland presents a steep cliff face of about 50 feet 

 high to the sea, and there stands back a few yards from its 

 edge a low mural escarpment of Miocene. The intervening 

 space, which is nearly flat, is covered by drift material, chief 

 amongst which are angular stones and blocks of red granite, 

 gneiss, hornblendic slate, and quartzite ; the nearest depot for 

 which is at JNbrmanville, 35 miles to the south. Over some few 

 square yards, the drift has been removed, disclosing a smooth 

 surface of siliceous slate, striated and grooved in a north and 

 south direction. 



(3.) Passing to the south, across the mouth of Field's River, 

 moraine debris and larger masses of transported rocks are seen 

 encumbering the flat tops of the sea-cliffs. 



(4.) Other signs, which taken alone would have little value, 

 but read in the light afforded by the indubitable signs of 

 glaciers in the valley of the Inman and at Black Point, come to 

 have significance ; these are the roches moutonnees surfaces of 

 the mica slate on the south flank of Kaiserstuhl, and similarly 

 large rounded surfaces at Crater's, both localities in the Adelaide 

 chain. 



The late Sir B. Hanson had in his jDOssession, so I have been 

 informed, an ice-worn pebble, obtained from the Torrens drift. 

 Mr. J. D. Woods, in letter May 14, 1877, supplies the following 

 particulars : — " I think that if you investigate the Torrens 

 G-orge, you will find evidences quite as strong as those quoted 

 by Mr. Selwyn. On one side of a hill there is a stream of 

 debris which my brother (Bev. J. E. T. Woods) considered to 

 have been left by a moraine. In the bed of the river, near the 

 cottage on the right side, there is a lump of rock, which some 

 twenty years ago used to be called the " elephant rock " from 

 its outline. The front part of it has been broken away, so now 

 it retains nothing of the special characteristics which gave it 

 its name. The sides are indented with stria? and there seems 

 to be no doubt that it must have been carried by some force 

 from a long distance." 



Such are the signs of the former existence of ice-action in 

 South Australia. If the ice originated within the country, 

 then it must have been the result of either 



1. The prevalence of a very much colder climate, or 



2. That the land stood at much greater altitude (say 10,000 



feet), or the mountains may have had a more plateau- 

 like form, and therefore need not have been so high, 

 and consequently collected more snow, or 



3. A combination of both. 



