lxviii. 



detail ; and the phenomena observed there are common to all 

 sections on whatever part of the coast, namely, coarse sands and 

 sandstones, distinctly false-bedded, and though consisting of 

 minute shelly particles and particles of quartzose and calcareous 

 sand do not contain marine shells, but are often highly charged 

 with the local laud shells. These appearances clearly indicate 

 that the deposit was formed from blown sand. From the 

 circumstance that it forms precipitous cliffs and is continued 

 far out to sea, forming those submerged reefs which render the 

 coast from Cape ^Northumberland to G-uichen Bay so very 

 perilous to navigators, I conclude that it is separably from the 

 loose sand dunes, which elsewhere fringe the coast, and not 

 unfrequently overlie it, by an interval of time marked by slight 

 oscillations of level. In other words, that during the period 

 of its accumulation the land stood relatively higher than it 

 does now. This was succeeded by a depression amounting 

 perhaps to not less than 20 feet to allow of the sea to overflow 

 those extensive low-lying areas occupied by deposits con- 

 taining existing marine species, which occur all along otu* shore 

 margin. 



Upheaval of tlie Land during the epoch of recent species is 

 attested by the occurrence of raised beaches, such as at Edithburg 

 and Victor Harbour, and by the elevated sea beds which in the 

 South-East extend inland for several miles, aud which at 

 several points along the whole coast occupy considerable areas 

 of what are now salt-swamps, such as those of Port Adelaide and 

 Dry Creek, at Port "Wakefield, at Eowler's Bay, &c. 



The alterations of soundings on rocky ground at Eivoli Bay 

 and at Cape Jaffa evidence that the elevatory movement is still 

 progressing. 



_ As to the height to which the land has been raised in recent 

 times, many erroneous observations have been made. Mr. W. 

 H. Light in a paper on the elevation of the Australian coast 

 read before this Society in 1855 appeals to the fossiliferous 

 deposit under the City of Adelaide in evidence of recent 

 elevation. ••The present vertical elevation of the hio-fiest 

 fossiliferous stratum near Xorth-terrace above the level of the 

 sea, at ordinary high water is about 94 feet. Add to this the 

 supposed limit of depth below the surface at which the beds of 

 shells have been formed — say 50 feet— and we get a height of 

 144 feet as somewhere about the probable extent of elevation 

 which this stratum has received." The Eev. J. E. Woods 

 committed the same mistake in referring (Geol. Obs. p. 208) 

 the Adelaide fossiliferous limestone to the Becent Period, 

 whereas it belongs to the Miocene. And, though correct in 

 identifying the travertine on Tapley's Hill at about 1,000 feet 

 above sea level, with the limestone crust overlying the Miocene 



