296 MAIM': ACRICUr.TURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I906. 



two pale lines. The general color of the moth varies from 

 buff to reddish brown in different individuals. Fig. 42. 



Xalitral linciiiics. The tent caterpillar is supplied with nat- 

 ural enemies among the birds and parasitic insects. It is sus- 

 ceptible also to attack by bacterial and fungus disease. 



Remedies. This iiisect is so easy to combat that its pres- 

 ence to any great extent in an orchard is due largely to negli- 

 gence. During the bright days of winter and spring the egg 

 masses are readily detected on young twigs as their varnished 

 surfaces glisten in the sun. These should be removed and 

 burned. 



Since the caterpillars congregate in their tents at night and 

 are not early risers, they can be destroyed, the whole colony 

 at once, by soaking the tent with kerosene emulsion, or soap 

 or washing powder suds. This may be applied by a swab 

 attached to a pole. Any time when the whole family is "at 

 home" is suitable for this remedy, as the early morning, eve- 

 ning, or a cold or cloudy day. 



Arsenical sprays will kill the caterpillars and may be applied 

 to the branches near the tents. Trees sprayed early in the 

 spring for the bud moth and other early caterpillars will be 

 sufficiently protected against the tent caterpillar also. 



TUSSOCK MOTHS. 



Among the most constantly appearing orchard pests in the 

 State are the white-marked tussock moth and the antique 

 tussock moth, Notolophus leiicostigma and Notolophus antiqua. 



Description and Habits. The conspicuous white egg masses 

 of these moths are deposited late in the summer or in the fall 

 upon the cocoons from which the female moths emerge. As 

 the hairy cocoons are commonly attached to the rough bark, 

 or twigs of the trees the caterpillars infest, the egg-masses 

 are readily found at any time after the leaves have fallen. The 

 eggs which the white-marked tussock deposits are covered with 

 a white frothy substance which becomes brittle upon exposure 

 to the air. Fig. 43. The antique tussock does not protect it£ 

 eggs in this manner but leaves them uncovered upon the cocoon. 

 Fig. 46. 



