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occur, one in Section 3087, at an elevation of 340 feet, and the 

 other in Section 3300 ; both are in situ. As further evidence 

 of their general prevalence at a former period, detached frag- 

 ments of quartz, quartzite, and various other pebbles imbedded 

 in a ferruginous paste, also fragments of the ordinary prevail- 

 ing Miocene sandstone, all characteristic of the formation, 

 abound in the soils and subsoils throughout the higher tracts 

 of the district. Such detached masses occur notably in 

 Sections 4173, 4148, 4149, 4147, 4160, 3309, and many others. 

 Further proof is afforded by the occurrence of highly water- 

 worn pebbles in the soils at various places, especially in 

 Section 3309, at an elevation of about 550 feet, and though 

 less profusely, most characteristically so in Section 4160. 

 These pebbles are of various sizes and kind, and are evidently 

 the remnants of a Miocene shore line. 



Vertical Extent and StratigrapMcal Relation to the Primary 

 Hocks. — Because of their great capacity for water, and that in 

 consequence vertical abrasion is reduced to a minimum, no well- 

 defined section is presented throughout the whole area ; and 

 though all my measures are merely approximate, yet I think in 

 several places the formation extends to 30 feet. The deepest 

 and best exposure is in Section 3263, where Mr. Philip Butler 

 essayed to open a quarry for the purpose of obtaining stone 

 for the ashlar-work of his mansion erected at Yatalunga 28 

 years ago. Though the stone at this place rather exceeds the 

 general average, both in colour and quality, yet after penetrat- 

 ing to a depth of ten or twelve feet it was abandoned on 

 account of its exceeding brashy character. 



They everywhere rest unconformably over the uptilted 

 edges of the Paleozoic or Eozoic rocks, and the basement bed 

 of the formation is usually an arenaceous mottled clay, but it 

 is sometimes a breccia or conglomerate ; these various charac- 

 teristics of the bottom beds being overlain by a white silicious 

 sandstone of variable thickness and colour. 



Vegetation. — Throughout the actual area, and that covered 

 by waste from the Upland Tertiary beds, the soil is of the most 

 sterile character ; consequently vegetation, though represented 

 by a goodly number of indigenous flowering plants, presents 

 for a considerable portion of the year a most barren and dismal 

 aspect. But at spring time these shrubs and herbs, then in 

 blossom, impart a most pleasing effect to the landscape. The 

 grasses are all indifferent fodder plants. Timber of all kinds 

 is also small and dwarfed in size ; in short, forming a criterion 

 from the vegetable life as developed over the Munno Para 

 Upland Tertiary outliers, it is well that they have been reduced 

 to their present circumscribed area, otherwise Munno Para 



