143 



species occur in abundance, sucli as Waldlieimia pectoral is, W. 

 suffiata, Terebratulina lenticular is, and Terebratula subcarnea; 

 Waldlieimia Tateana, which is profusedly abundant, Terebratula 

 vitreoides, Terebratulina Scoulari, and T. Davidsoni occur here of a 

 much larger size than in the higher beds to which they pass up. 



In an appended table I have set forth the stratigraphical 

 and geographical distribution of the species. 



Alliances. — The facies of our Tertiary palliobranch fauna is, 

 so far as regards genera, inost decidedly modern ; but the 

 specific points of contact are few. They are notably Tere- 

 bratula vitreoides, Waldlieimia Garibaldiana, Terebratulina 

 Scoulari, Magasella Woodsiana, Thecidium australe, and Uliyn- 

 clionella squamosa. Nevertheless, not one of the fossil forms is 

 actually known to be represented in living creation. Of the 

 above T. vitreoides and Th. australe are related to living 

 Mediterranean species, whilst the others have near recent allies 

 in the Australasian region. On the other hand, the great 

 richness in species of Waldlieimia, more than half of which 

 are of exceedingly large size, gives to the faunula a character 

 peculiarly its own. The presence, moreover, of several bipli- 

 cated species of that genus is another fact which increases the 

 contrast between our Tertiary and living palliobranch faunas. 



A general resemblance seems to subsist between our Tertiary 

 species and those of the European Miocene ; but if the Tere- 

 bratulae of the latter are correctly so assigned, then the 

 resemblance is in part at least mimetic rather than actual. 

 Thus Waldlieimia grandis approaches Terebratula Pedemontana ; 

 W. insolita to Terebratula Hilarionis ; and other similitudes 

 might be pointed out. 



The absence of the genera Megerlia, Platidia, and Argiope 

 from our Tertiary fauna, also the paucity of Mhynchonella, and 

 the presence of Magasella, offer great difficulties to the 

 establishment of any well-defined relationship between the 

 European and Australian Tertiary palliobranch faunas. If we 

 select Terebratula subcarnea and the Terebratulinas (excepting 

 T. Scoulari), we might, as equally well, claim for the Australian 

 Tertiary palliobranch fauna a Cretaceous facies. 



Viewed in its entirety our Tertiary palliobranch fauna 

 has as much a character of its own, as it has affinity with 

 that of the European Caniozoic or to that of recent Australia. 

 But viewed in its duality, then the older is seen to be far 

 removed from recent types, whilst the newer is seen to possess 

 more pronounced affinities with members of the class inhabiting 

 the seas around and adjacent to this continent. In respect to 

 the older fauna, it may be well to recall the fact that two at 

 least of its species (Waldlieimia insolita and Bliynclionella 

 squamosa) are constituents of the fauna of the Upper Eocene 



