AGKIOULTUKAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 31 



that if the change be found to occur in squashes, the same law 

 will apply to the whole region of fruit — an assumption which is 

 altogether too broad. 



There is evidence which goes to show that within certain limits 

 there is an immediate effect of the male element, but that those 

 limits are quite restricted. As early as 1729 the presence of both 

 white and blue peas in the same pod was observed, when two 

 varieties of the different colors were planted near each other.* 

 This fact has been repeatedly confirmed. In 1822 examples were 

 presented to the London Horticultural Society. A variety known 

 as Blue Prussian was crossed with a white variety. The resultant 

 peas were yellowish-white like the male parent. f Laxton, in 

 1866, crossed the Tall Sugar Pea which bears thin green pods, 

 with pollen of a purple-podded variety. "The pod resulting was 

 clouded with purple, while one of the peas was of a clear violet- 

 purple tint and another was irregularly clouded with purple." 

 The results, in so far as the changed color of the peas is concerned, 

 were confirmed by Darwin. J 



Crucknell§ cites an instance of apparent immediate influence in 

 case of the pear. A single branch on a Belle Lucrative tree bore 

 a few specimens resembling Vicar or Wiukfield. As Vicars were 

 growing near, the conclusion is drawn that the fruits in question 

 were affected by the foreign pollen. There is no reason to sup- 

 pose, however, that this and the numerous cases of the appearance 

 of russet apples on trees not usually russeted, are other than 

 instances of bud variation, as pointed out by Knight. || 



Of about one hundred artificial pollinations performed by Charles 

 TV. Garfield at the Michigan Agricultural College, but three of the 

 crosses showed any variation which could in any way be con- 

 strued as the effect of pollen. "These were : First. Wagener 

 upon Tallman Sweet. There was a modification of flavor quite 

 noticable, the fruit being sub-acid. Second. Tallman Sweet 

 upon Astrachan. In this instance there was a manifest change in 

 the color, flavor and shape. The apples were quite mild to the 

 taste, the color was very much modified, and the form was that of 

 a flat apple. Third. Tallman Sweet upon Wagener. The modi, 

 fication here was noticable in all the specimens, in flavor and 



* Philosophical Trans., XLIII, 525. 



t Trans. Hort. Soc, V, 234. 



t An. and Pits. Under Domest., I, 428. 



§ Gard. Month., IX, 165. 



II Trans. London Hort. Soc, V, 67. 



