2 RICHMOND. 



The residuum contained 13.36 per cent of burning oil below 300°; 72.27 per 

 cent lubricating oils boiling between 300° and 400° ; and 14.37 per cent thick 

 residuum, consisting mainly of paraffine scale and coke. 



The interesting features in connection with the composition of this crude 

 petroleum are the high percentages of light oils and the comparatively low yield 

 of heavy lubricants. 



The specific gravities, boiling points and percentages of the various fractions 

 are given in the following table: 



Crude petroleum distilled. 

 (Sp. Gr. 0.826 at 15° C.) 



Naphtha distillate below 150°, 

 35 to 40 per cent. 



Burning oil distillate 150° to 

 300° C, 40 to 45 per cent. 



Residuum above 300° C, 15 

 to 20 per cent. 



Naphtr 



la 80° 



Abov 



e 150°, 



to 110°, 50 per 



11 per cent. 



cent: sp. gr. 





0.7 



46. 







Below 150° 

 3.26 per cent. 



Above 300°, 

 5.25 per cent. 



300-400° C, 



72.27 per 



cent. 



Kerosene 



150°-300°, 



Below 



Residue, par 



90.33 per cent; sp. 



300° C, 



afhne coke, 



gr. 0.824. 



13.36 per- 



14.37 per 







cent; sp. 



cent. 



Benzine 110°-150°, 



3S per cent; sp. gr. 



0.775. 



gr. 0.876. 

 (Signed) G. F. Richmond. 



In April, 1909, the same sample of crude petroleum was further 

 examined upon request of the Standard Oil Company of New York, 

 and the following report, Laboratory No. 68192, was rendered: 



Origin. — Said to have been collected from a well in Tayabas Province, Luzon, 

 Philippine Islands. 



Appearance. — The crude oil as received was especially mobile, free from water 

 or sediment, slightly brownish, wine-red by transmitted light, and with a deep 

 blue fluorescence when viewed by reflected light. It possessed no objectionable 

 odor although the smell was strongly suggestive of light oils. 



The amount of sample at our disposal — viz, 250 cubic centimeters — did not 

 admit of a complete examination, hence the presence or absence of sulphur or 

 the exact nature of the bases and amount of solid hydrocarbons present have not 

 been determined. 



The following tests were applied with a view of detecting fny admixture of 

 distilled products or residue. 



According to the New York Produce Exchange, crude oil in the United States 

 shall be understood to be pure, natural oil, neither steamed nor treated, free from 

 water, sediment or any adulteration, of the gravity 43° to 48° Baume (0.809 to 

 0.78G ) . The rule regarding specific gravity has since been relaxed because much 

 crude petroleum now obtained lias a greater density than 43° Baume. 



In order to determine whether a petroleoum 'is a "pure natural oil," a sample 

 is subjected to fractional distillation, each fraction being one-tenth of^the crude oil 

 by volume and the densities of the several distillates are determined. A regular 

 gradation in the densities of the fractions is regarded as a satisfactory indication 

 that the oil is a natural product. 1 



Redwood. Petroleum and its Products (1906), 2 2d ed., 531. 



