GEOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



315 



as Nummulites niasi Verbeek, an Oligocene species in Java. In Ilocos 

 Norte and one or two other parts of the Philippines I have found some 

 red cherts, or jaspers, which, when examined under the microscope, show 

 sponge spicules and fragments of radiolarian tests. These may be equiv- 

 alent to the radiolarian cherts described by K. Martin from the Mo- 

 luccas. 11 



It is not probable that the igneous complex of diorite, gabbro, etc., is 

 very old. At the present time the place in the scale occupied by the 

 crystalline schists is entirely a matter of conjecture, for we have only 

 lithologic criteria to depend upon. Von Drasche 12 argued in favor of 

 classifying the Agno beds as Paleozoic, but to me the evidence seems to 

 be entirely inadequate. There was a time when the greater part if not 

 all of the crystalline schists and gneisses were put down as Archean, but 

 there is no reason why we can not have metamorphic rocks in the Ter- 

 tiary; in fact, such are known. I believe age to be merely incidental, 

 the chief factor being dynamism. 



The generalized sections shown in figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, and represent- 

 ing northern and central Luzon, Cebu, and Mindanao, respectively, 

 graphically illustrate the succession in different parts of the archipelago. 



By far the most predominant rocks are the neovolcanics, andesites, and 

 basalts; next come the Tertiary sediments, for the most part Miocene; 

 third, the plutonic rocks; fourth, the metamorphics ; and last, the intru- 

 sives, such as diabase, quartz-diorites, granites, and dacites. Some 

 foraminifera and field notes recently were submitted by me to Professor 

 Douville, of Paris, who has studied them and prepared the following 

 table : 13 



Table 2. — The divisions of the Philippine Tertiary {after H. Douville) . 





Philippines. 



Borneo. 



II 

 I 



c__ 

 b . 



i Upper limestone with 

 I small Lepidocyelines. 



Sandstone and shale 



i Middle limestone with 

 I large lepidocyelines. 



(Lower limestone with 

 < nummulites, Coal 

 1 Measures. 



Lep. c. f. Verbeeki mio- 

 gypsina. 



iCycloelypeus communis, 

 < Orbitolites alveolinella, 

 I Miogypsina. 



Lep. insulsenatalis, for- 

 mosa, richthofeni. 



Nummulities niasi Verb., 

 Amphistegina c. f. niasi, 

 Lepidocyclina. 



1" 



Burdigalien _. 

 Aquitanien... 



Miocene. 



(Upper Oli- 

 l gocene. 



Stampien- 



u Eeisen in den Molukken, etc. Geologischer Theil. Leiden (1902), 164. 

 12 Neues Jahrbuch. f. Mm. etc. (1879), 265-269. 



13 Sur le Tertiaire des Philippines. Compt. rend. Soc. geol. cle France (1909) 

 14, 130. 



