330 



SMITH. 



PARTIAL LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHILIPPINE FOSSILS — ctd. 



Strombus javanus Mart, 

 var. semperi Sm. 



Tagelus coriboeus ( ? ) 

 Lam. 



Tagelus coartatus Gmelin. 



Tapes lobooensis Smith. 



Tellina plicata (?) Va- 

 leric. 



Teridina annulata ( ?) 



Bttsr. 



Tritonidia ventrieosa 



Mart. 

 Trochus sp. 

 Turbo borneensis Bttg. 

 Turbo nivosus Reeve. 

 Turicula jonkeri Mart. 

 Turritella terebra Lam. 

 Turritella cingulifera 



Sow. 



Venus pulcherrima ( ?) 



Mart. 

 Venus squamosa Lam. 

 Vermetus junghulini 



Mart. 

 Vicarya callosa Jenk. var. 



semperi Sm. 

 Voluta pellis serpentis 



(?) Linn. 



Save for some fragments of deer and shark teeth found by me in 

 the tuff formation in Batangas Province and in the recent tuff, by 

 Adams, no fossils of mammals and reptiles, large or small, or of fish 

 remains have been found. There are three reasons for this scarcity: 

 First, the mammalian and reptilian indigenous fauna was probably 

 meager compared with that of the continental tracts, it is even very 

 poor to-day; second, there are few excavations in places which would 

 most likely contain such remains; and, third, no search has, until 

 recently, been made for them. 



The coal measures have furnished very few fossil plants, and all that 

 I have found can be identified by the botanists at work on the living 

 flora. I should be inclined to express the opinion, warning the reader 

 that it is but an opinion and based on very fragmentary knowledge, that 

 since the middle of the Tertiary, at which time these Islands arose from 

 the sea, there has been little climatic change. 



In fact, the tree fern and the vast nipa swamps indicate that these 

 Islands are about in the stage of the British Isles in the Miocene period ; 

 that is, we are still in the Tertiary period. 



ECONOMIC. 



During the three centuries of Spanish occupation very little mining, 

 as we now conceive of it, was carried on. Thousands of Chinese, Fili- 

 pinos, and Moros have made wages through desultory panning for gold ; 

 the semi-wild Igorots of northern Luzon have mined and smelted copper 

 and made crude implements ; and one Filipino woman has operated for 

 a number of years crude blast furnaces for smelting iron from which 

 equally crude plow shares are made and used by the natives in central 

 Luzon. 



Just prior to the insurrection of 1896, several large mining enterprises 

 had just been undertaken with Spanish and English capital and engineers. 

 The chief of these was the Philippine Mineral Syndicate. However, 

 these were nipped in the bud by the opening of hostilities. It seems 

 that practically the only mining works which came to any fruition were 



