354 SMITH. 



To the west of the lake there are long, grassy slopes but the country 

 is sparsely inhabited. However, on the east there is a considerable tract 

 of perfectly level, somewhat swampy land, with a fairly bold, heavily 

 wooded range behind it. A large population of Moros is found on this 

 side of the lake. These are known as the Lanao, or lake Moros. This 

 region may be called the last great stronghold of the Moros. I have 

 already given some account of them in Part I of this work. 8 



This upland region is the most favorable in all Mindanao for white 

 settlements; it is high and cool, and possesses a wonderfully rich soil, 

 particularly adapted to coffee growing. The country is well suited to 

 stock raising. 



THE ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA. 



The Zamboanga Peninsula owes its origin to a sharp upward flexing 

 of sedimentaries. A veneer of volcanic material overlies them. It is 

 strictly a cordillera, but only of moderate elevation. It is practically all 

 upland country, but well dissected. The chief characteristics of this 

 region can be enumerated as follows: (1) It is long and narrow; (2) it 

 has a moderate elevation; (3) there are a great number of indentations 

 in the coast line; (4) it has a small development of coastal plain; (5) it 

 is topographically youthful, with occasional longitudinal streams and 

 a great number of short, swift, consequent streams at right angles to 

 the main trend of the peninsula; and (6) superimposed high points 

 rise above the general uplands, such as Mounts Panubigan, Dapiok, and 

 Malindang. 



The region is inhabited almost exclusively by Subanuns, a non-Chris- 

 tian hill people who have evidently fallen back before the Moros. They 

 live in caingins (small clearings), where they cultivate camotes as their 

 principal crop. They are very primitive, but in my opinion possessed of 

 many good qualities. They are not, where I have encountered them, at 

 all warlike. 



THE DAVAO UPLAND. 



This upland area is not very large. It comprises the country between 

 the Apo Eange and the Agusan Elver. Its most prominent feature is 

 a fairly well-defined ridge which trends east and west and northeast. Its 

 two highest points are Mounts Panombayan and Kuanabayan. Very little 

 is known about this country. The only scientific observers who have 

 traveled through it are Montano, who paid more attention to the character 

 of the people than to the geology, and Ickis and Goodman, formerly of 

 this Bureau. Their observations have already been published in Part I 



'This Journal, Sec. A (1908) , 3, 473. 



9 Christy, E. B. The Subanuns of Sindangan Bay. Bur. Sci. Sub., Div. of 

 Ethnol. (1909), 6, pt. 1. 



