358 SMITH. 



Lanao. Not that Moros are not to be found in force elsewhere, but here 

 and in Basilan are the only places where they still evade complete 

 pacification. 



The Moros around Liguasan are more peaceful because they are more 

 easily reached. They are not found east of the Apo-Matutan Eange. 



It must not be inferred from what has just been said that the Moros 

 pay no attention to agricultural pursuits. On the contrary, they devote a 

 great deal of time to the raising of rice in the Cotabato Valley and on 

 the fringe of low land on the east side of Lake Lanao. In Sulu the 

 Moro's principal farm product is tapioca. 



VOLCANOES. 



There are no active volcanoes at the present time in Mindanao. One, 

 Mount Apo, has some vents on the eastern slope which emit steam and 

 sulphurous fumes, but the mountain is in no sense active. Vulcanism, 

 which is now merely an incident in the life of the island, was at one 

 time the dominant feature. This period of volcanic activity was prob- 

 ably the Pleistocene, when Mindanao was taking on its final shape; then 

 Mounts Matutan and Apo near Davao Oulf, the Buldun Mountains south 

 of Lake Lanao, Mount Malindang west of Panguil Bay, and the moun- 

 tains near Lake Mainit were in all probability belching forth lava and 

 ashes. Now these are all quiet ; if not extinct, at least dormant. 



If we look closely at the map of Mindanao, we find that the volcanic 

 centers which seem scattered indiscriminately over the country in reality 

 lie along certain definite lines which intersect and form a triangle. These 

 trend N. 6° W., N. 68° E., and K 53° W. Catarman, the active volcano 

 on the Island of Camiguin, is located at the northern end along the first 

 line and Mount Apo at the southern. Mounts Panubigan, Tres Eeyes, 

 Sugarloaf, Malindang, and Camiguin are situated on the second line 

 with Lake Mainit (caldera) and its hot springs almost on it. The third 

 line runs through the Lanao cluster of old cones and southeast to Mount 

 Apo. Mount Apo and the Kulingtang cones preserve much of their 

 former shape, the others are much more worn and dissected by erosion, 

 so that they are now little more than volcanic stocks. Mount Malindang 

 is a very imposing pile of andesite and basalt, rising to the commanding 

 elevation of 2,800 meters from the shores of Iligan Bay. It was last 

 ascended in 1906 by Lieutenant colonel E. A. Mearns, United States 

 Army, retired, and his party. 



THE KULINGTANG RANGE. 



As the traveler rides toward the south down the long grassy slope from 

 Camp Vicars on the edge of Lake Lanao he has before him a magnificent 

 panorama of this long range with its numerous burnt-out craters arranged 

 in step-like fashion like so many blown-out blast furnaces. My photo- 

 graph of this range unfortunately was spoiled. 



