444 BROOKS. ' 



INDIAN YELLOW. 



One of the natural coloring matters which has long been known is 

 Indian yellow or piuri. It is obtained from the urine of cattle which 

 have been fed on the leaves of the mango tree, Mangifera indica L. The 

 chief coloring principle is euxanthic acid, which has been much used as a 

 water color. The same dye exists in the ripe fruit, as I have been able 

 to. prove by means of its characteristic reaction with iodine. According 

 to Hooper, 19 the bark contains 16.7 per cent of tannin, which accounts 

 for its use in dyeing black shades. 



KAMELA. 



The powder obtained from the exterior of the seeds of Mallotus philip- 

 pinensis Muell. Arg., (banato, Tagalog,) is valued both as a dye and for its 

 medicinal properties. In India it is employed as a color for silk and also 

 as a purgative and vermifuge. The Filipinos do not seem to be ac- 

 quainted with its use, but Tavera 20 mentions its employment as a drug. 

 The red coloring matter, rottlerin, has been investigated by A. G-. Per- 

 kin 21 and others. The dye is fast and of a fine, bright color. In 

 dyeing with either kamela or annatto an alkaline infusion of wood ashes 

 is used to dissolve the coloring matter. 



BANCUDO. 



The wood and roots of Morinda citrifolia L., M. bracteata Eoxb., 

 and M. uinbellata L., yield a beautiful, brownish-red dye which is com- 

 mon throughout the Indo-Malayan region. It is the well-known al 

 dye of India and the mang-huda of the Malayans. 



Thorpe, Greenall and Smith 22 obtained the crystalline glucoside morindin from 

 Morinda citrifolia L. This glucoside splits readily yielding the dye morindone 

 and an unfermentable sugar. 23 



A. G. Perkin and Hummel 24 isolated eleven distinct substances from the crude 

 dye extract. Five of them were shown to be anthraquinone derivatives. Perkin 2G 

 states that the morindin from Morinda citrifolia L. and Morinda uinbellata L. 

 probably are not identical. 



Owing to the fact that several dyes occur together in the crude extract, the 

 shades obtained on fabrics are not always identical. The colors vary from bright 

 oranges to dark, brownish reds. Perkin and Hummel state that on calico 

 mordanted with aluminium and iron the colors obtained are fast to soap and 

 are very similar to those secured by the use of madder. Wool and silk are 

 dyed directly from solutions made slightly alkaline by wood ashes or other 

 alkalies. 



"In: Allen, Commercial Organic Analysis, 3 ed. London (1901), Vol. 3, Part. I, 

 37. 



20 Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Philadelphia (1901), 220. 



21 Joum. Chem. Soc. London (1893), 63, 975. 



-Ibid. (1888), 53, 174. 



23 0esterle and Tisza; Ach. d. Pharm. (1908), 246, 150. 



-* Journ. Chem. Soc. London (1894), 65, 851. , 



-'Proc. Chem. Soc, London (1908), 24, 149. 



