May 2g, 1895.] 



Garden and Forest. 



213 



111 1893 further additions were made to orchard and vine- 

 yard. The older vineyard bore well, and so did some of 

 the Peaches, Almonds, Cherries, Plums and Apricots. Four 

 varieties of Orang-e-trees planted in the summer of 1891 

 bore five or si.x; fruits apiece. Twenty varieties of Sweet 

 Potatoes were grown, and were analyzed at the Central 

 Station. Collections of small fruits were commenced. 



In 1894 the fruit crop was large. Nearly all the Olives, 

 Peaches, Oranges, Lemons, Almonds, Plums and Prunes, 

 Apricots, Figs and Cherries yielded more or less liberally. 

 Some of the Apples and Pears also bore to some extent. 

 Small fruits were very abundant. During the winter of 

 1894-95 an orchard of special fruits on selected stocks was 

 commenced on ten acres of moist land. 



E.Ktensive experiments with Sugar Beet culture were car- 

 ried on each year on a larger scale. In 1894 about five 

 acres were devoted to this crop. Many successive plant- 

 ings on different soils, using all the leading varieties of 

 seed and analyzing both soil and beets as often as deemed 

 necessary, led to results, considered locally, of prime im- 

 portance to the beet-sugar industry of the Chino Valley. 

 These experiments are being continued on a still larger 

 scale the present season. A small chemical laboratory has 

 now been fitted up for the foreman, who is competent to 

 make the simpler analyses on the ground. 



But a little more than four years has elapsed since the 

 first planting was done at this station. Tlie visitor now 

 sees orchards and vineyards in bearing, a garden of Roses, 

 shrubs and various flowers, a small arboretum of choice 

 ornamental trees, extensive culture-plots, varying from 

 year to year ; and, in brief, the materials in readiness for 

 much experimentation. This has been accomplished in 

 four years by the toil of one foreman, who has had one 

 laborer the whole time, and a second man only about nine 

 months in the year. It is a record of which the University 

 may well be proud. 



Niles, Calif. 



Charles H. Shi 



The Saguenay Region. — III. 



POTENTILLA TRIDENTATA, a low plant with smooth, 

 evergreen leaves, covered dry rocks where a thin coat- 

 ing of soil gave its woody roots a chance to grow, and still 

 showed some of its white flowers near the end of August. 

 Potentilla Anserina crept about in the low, sandy ground 

 at the mouths of streams which entered the bay, and Ra- 

 nunculus Cymbalaria, with its small, round leaves and 

 spreading stems, covered wettish or muddy spots in similar 

 localities. In the moist, grassy land, near the mouth of 

 Mars River, our wild Forget-me-not, Myosotis laxa, grew, 

 and some sprays of M. versicolor, a low hairy plant, re- 

 sembling M. verna, but with yellow flowers, changing to 

 blue or violet, were taken from waste ground in the streets 

 of Chicontimi, where it had been introduced. Two small 

 annuals of the Figwort family, Euphrasia officinalis, Eye- 

 briglit, and Rhinanthus Cristi-galli, the Yellow Rattle, were 

 common in rocky fields and on grassy slopes, the tiny 

 bluish flowers of the former exceedingly pretty when peep- 

 ing out from the low grass of lawns and pastures, the latter 

 rather stiff and homely with its conspicuous, inflated pods. 

 From dry rocks at "Cross Point," near the mouth of the 

 Saguenay, were gathered some specimens of a Whitlow 

 Grass, Draba incana, var. arabisans. Its floral season had 

 passed some time before, but the tufted branches near the 

 root, well provided with small oblanceolate leaves, hoary 

 with stellate hairs, gave interest to it. From the same 

 rocks, near the water's edge, were plucked the handsome 

 flowers of the Beach Pea, Lathyrus maritimus, a very com- 

 mon plant along the sandy shores of the Great Lakes. 

 Near by, on wet rocks or by the banks of brooks, grew 

 the liemlock Parsley, Conoselinum Canadense, the tallest 

 stems, with their finely cut compound leaves, making of it 

 an attractive plant. 



Marine plants were quite abundant, for the tide sweeps 

 up the Saguenay, rising to more than twenty feet at the 

 head of Ha-ha Bay,. rushing into the coves and covering 



many of the low-lying rocks, and bringing in brackish 

 water. In the tide-swept mud along the shore were Tissa 

 marina and Plantago maritima. The latter was very vari- 

 able in size and appearance, growing also in the crevices 

 of rocks wet by the tide. Here it might be but two or three 

 inches high, with cylindrical leaves, scarcely thicker than 

 a needle, but when growing in the clays the leaves might 

 be half an inch wide and half a foot or more in length. 

 The Sea Milkwort, Glalix maritima, grew upon the wet 

 rocks and sands at Tadousac, and close by tide-water, near 

 the mouth of the Saguenay, the Scotch Lorage, Ligusticum 

 Scoticum, was found. Solidago sempervirens grew in 

 various places by the river. It has thick smooth leaves 

 and showy heads with golden-yellow rays, characteristics 

 which bring it into prominence as it stands on the wet 

 rocks or slopes, usually close to tide-water. Atriplex hastata 

 was met with along the river and in waste ground at Chi- 

 contimi, for it is weedy in its habits. It is, in consequence, 

 not restricted to marine conditions, but has become an 

 abundant weed in the salt regions of western New York, 

 and is common about the Great Lakes, even spreading 

 away from them along the road-beds of railroads. 



The Compositee were quite well represented. Among 

 the more interesting was Aster macrophyllus, in the open 

 woods or along their borders ; A. acuminatus on the shaded 

 slopes, generally poorly furnished with flowers, the stems 

 sometimes bearing but one or two heads. A. tardiflorus, 

 a low plant with pale violet rays, appeared occasionally in 

 the damp soil of shady places. A. umbellatus was one of 

 the most common Asters in the damp thickets or along the 

 streams. A. Novi-Belgii grew upon the wet rocks, its 

 medium-sized heads, with rays of bright violet-blue, mak- 

 ing it an attractive species. A form of Erigeron Canadense, 

 about a foot high, covered with pink or pinkish flowers, 

 made a pretty plant and caused its weediness to be over- 

 looked. A few were seen in the gravelly deposits at the 

 mouth of Mars River. It reminded one of a similar devia- 

 tion from the normal form of the common Milfoil, occa- 

 sionally found in the wild state, and which has obtained a 

 place in the flower-garden, where the white flowers have 

 given way to those with rose-colored rays. With its fine 

 sprays of flowers the Butterweed was almost as neat a 

 plant florally, and did not seem a greater variation from 

 the type. 



One of the most interesting Golden-rods was Solidago 

 bicolor, with its whitish or cream-colored rays, and grow- 

 ing mostly on the rocks. Though generally grayish, with 

 short pubescence, when in the shade of cliff's or under 

 evergreens, it became quite smooth in the variety concolor 

 and had very green leaves with a surface almost shining. 

 S. lanceolata, when on the rocks, had thick leaves, vi'ith 

 somewhat the same shining, evergreen appearance. Some- 

 times it would be much dwarfed, and but five or six inches 

 high in such situations. Among the Pines on the higher 

 ground and ridges, the mountain species, S. macrophylla, 

 was seen. It has a wand-like stem and showy heads, 

 which are large for a Golden-rod. The bright green leaves 

 were not at all remarkable for size, as its name might indi- 

 cate. S. uliginosa, a species with larger leaves, found a 

 congenial place on the wet rocks, though oftener seen in 

 sphagnous swamps. S. juncea and a slightly hoary or 

 minutely puberulent form of S. humilis were taken from 

 rocks on the banks of the St. Lawrence at Tadousac. The 

 latter strongly reminded one of S. puberula. Two of the 

 Hawkweeds, Hieracium scabrum and H. Canadense, were 

 on the common Pme plains and gravelly banks. Pre- 

 nanthes altissima was a frequent plant by the margins of 

 woods and in rocky ground, with a great variability in the 

 shape of its leaves and in height of its stems. P. serpen- 

 taria, with much thicker and less variable lea\'es, grew 

 very abundantly in the sandy ground at Tadousac. 



Some of the introduced plants proved of interest, esjie- 

 cially the weeds with which I was less familiar at home. 

 Thlaspi arvense, the Mithridate Mustard, or Penny- 

 cress, was sparingly found at St. Aljihonse, its broadly 



