444 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 402. 



as early as the middle of May, and from that time until now 

 (October nth) nearly every leaf has shown indications of 

 the presence of this insect, from which it may be inferred 

 that there are probably several broods. Young seedlings 

 of Aquilegia Canadensis were severely injured, and old 

 plants of other species lost nearly all their leaves from these 

 attacks. In some instances the soft tissue was entirely 

 devoured, and nothing remained but the skeleton of the leaf 

 The larva is a footless grub, and one-sixteenth of an inch 

 long when full-grown. During the period of pupation it is 

 fastened to the under side of the leaf. I have observed 

 eight or ten pupae hanging from a single leaf. As in all 

 dipterous larvae, the skin hardens at the last moulting, and 

 becomes the covering of the puparium. It turns to a dark 

 brown color and shortens slightly. Soon the adult emerges. 

 Probably the insect hibernates in the pupal stage, though I 

 am not aware that its life-history in this country has been 





it 



/ 



Fig. 61. — Leaf of Wild Columbine mined by Phytomyza Aquilegise. — See p. 443. 



fully worked out. The accompanying figure shows a leaf 

 of Aquilegia Canadensis containing mines made by this 

 insect. 



Probably we have no remedy against these attacks, for, 

 since the insect is inside the leaf, it is out of the reach of all 

 insecticides. The infested leaves can and should be de- 

 stroyed. Our beautiful hardy Columbines will lose much 

 of their attractiveness if the ravages of this leaf-miner 

 become general. irr j^ n ■ 



Conn. Exp't station. New Haven, Conn. W- E. Brilloil. 



Foreign Correspondence. 



London Letter. 



CiRRHOPETALUM RoTHSCHiLDiANUM. — This is remarkable for 

 the large size of its flowers, which exceed in dimensions 

 those of such species as the beautiful Cirrhopetalum Col- 

 lettianum and C. robustum. It was shown last Tuesday, 

 and obtained a tirst-class certificate. The pseudo-bulbs are 

 angular, the leaves narrow and fleshy, and the scape bore 

 three flowers which in outline suggest Masdevallia Chi- 

 meera, being an inch across the broadest part and six 

 inches in length. The broad dorsal sepal is colored yellow 

 and purple and is tipped with a plume-like appendage ; 

 the petals are fringed and of the same color ; the sepals are 

 long and tail-like, purple, with a few yellovv markings, and 

 the small lip is crimson. It vv'ill be seen that the general 

 characters of the flowers are those of C. Collettianum, but 

 they are larger and different in color. Nothing is known 

 of this plant except that it was imported by Mr. O'Brien 

 from some part of southern India. 



SoBRALiA LiNDENi. — A plant of this distinct new species 

 was shown in flower this week by Mr. Lucas, of Horsham, 

 and was awarded a certificate. It has shorter stems than 



Sobralia macrantha, and large flowers with the sepals and 

 petals white, faintly tinged with rose, and the lip colored 

 rich crimson-purple in front, paler toward the margin and 

 streaked with chocolate-brown in the throat, the folded 

 portion of the lip being white. Monsieur Linden claims 

 for it the first position among garden Sobralias, and states 

 that with him flowers were developed which measured ten 

 inches in diameter and that the segments were snow-white. 

 No doubt, the flowers will vary in shade in this as in other 

 Sobralias, but, judged by the plant flowered by Mr. Lucas, 

 it is a truly beautiful Orchid. It is most like S. Ruckeri in 

 botanical characters. Imported plants of it were sold at 

 auction for the first time in London by L'Horticulture In- 

 ternationale in 1893. 



Cattleya labiata, var. Cookson-e. — We are likely to sOon 

 have as many named varieties of the autumn-flowering 

 Cattleya, distinguished from all others of the group by the 

 term Vera, as we have of Odontoglossum crispum. This 

 new one, which was awarded a first-class certificate on 

 Tuesday last, has large well-formed flowers with pure white 

 sepals and petals, a long lip, the tubular portion of which 

 is white, the throat purple and yellow, and the front lobe 

 brilliant purple, with a white crisped margin. Three other 

 varieties of Cattleya labiata received awards of merit at the 

 same time. 



Cattleya Mantini is a new hybrid between C. Dowiana 

 and C. Bowringiana, which has been raised by Messrs. J. 

 Veitch & Sons, and which obtained an award of merit last 

 Tuesday. In general characters the flowers of the hybrid 

 closely resemble C. Bowringiana, the only trace of the 

 other parent being in the shortness of the tube and broad 

 front lobe of the lip and in its colors, which are purple, 

 with lines and veins of yellow and crimson. 



Aristolochlv clypeata. — Plants of this handsome tropical 

 climber are now flowering at Kew for the first time. It is 

 a native of Colombia (New Grenada), whence it was first 

 introduced in 1868 by Monsieur Linden through the col- 

 lector Wallis, but it does not appear to have become estab- 

 lished in gardens then. Messrs. Sander & Co. have again 

 introduced it, and until it flowered it was supposed to be 

 Aristolochia gigantea, to which it bears a close resem- 

 blance. The Kew plants have corky stems and pale green, 

 thin, cordate leaves three to six inches long, or a little 

 larger than those of A. elegans. The flowers are borne on 

 short racemes, which spring from the woody part of the 

 stem ; each flower is in form like A. elegans, but thicker 

 in substance and about three times as large, the color 

 being a rich velvety brown, with closely reticulating lines 

 of pale yellovv ; above the ringed entrance to the tube there 

 is a large blotch of blue jiurple which suggests the "eye" 

 of a peacock's feather. The flowers have not a disagreea- 

 ble odor. A figure of the plant will shortly be published 

 in Tlie Botanical Magazine. 



Bauhinia Galpinl — This plant is now flowering for the 

 first time at Kew. It was introduced from the Transvaal 

 in 1 89 1 by Mr. E. E. Galpin, who sent specimens of it to 

 the Kew Herbarium, from which a description was made 

 by Mr. N. E. Brown and published in The Gardeners' 

 Chronicle for that year. At the same time Mr. Galpin sent 

 seeds and recommended the plant as a handsome shrub 

 likely to find favor vi'ith gardeners. At Kew it has grown 

 into a somewhat loosely branched shrub six feet high, the 

 branches nearly horizontal, the leaves light green, bilobed, 

 two inches broad, deciduous if properly treated. The 

 flowers are produced in short racemes near the top of the 

 small branches, and they are campanulate in form, with 

 five equal petals, colored bright crimson, in appearance 

 suggesting the flowers of a common Nasturtium. The 

 Kew plant is grown in a dry sunny house along with 

 Agaves, etc. I should say this plant would be a success in 

 the southern states. 



Gynerium jubatum. — This is a beautiful Pampas Grass 

 from the mountains of Ecuador, which was introduced 

 into cultivation about twenty years ago, liut, owing to its 

 not being sufficiently hardy to grow out-of-doors in Eng- 



