"November 27, 1S95.] 



Garden and Forest. 



473 



iopic of discussion at the meeting's of the Association, and 

 tt was aijreed that the question of profitable use of these 

 vast areas, either for tree-growth or for berries and sweet 

 potatoes, could be deferred until the means for the reduction 

 of fires were provided, which will be the main aim of the 

 association. 



Division of Forestry, Washington, D. C. B. E. FemolO. 



Notes on some Arborescent Willows of North 

 America. — IV. 



Salix cordata Mackenziana. Hooker. Fl. Bor.-Amer., ii., 

 149. Bebb, Brewer & Watson Boi. Calif., ii., 86. S. Macken- 

 ziana, Barratt, "No. 50 Herh. H. B. & T." (Hooker, Barratt 

 and Torrey distribution of the F/. Bor.-Atner. types). Anders- 

 son, Monog. Sal.,* p. 160, where S. Mackenziana is treated 

 as a subspecies of cordata (i) and DC, Prod., xvi., part ii., 

 252, where it is treated as a hybrid between cordata and 

 rostrata. 



Great Slave Lake and Mackenzie's River. Dr. Richard- 

 son. 



Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate-acuminate, two to 

 "three inches long, smooth, dark green above, paler, but 

 not glaucous beneath, margin at first finely and obscurely 

 serrulate at length nearly entire ; petioles slender ; stipules 

 small but rarely absent ; staminate aments sessile, the 

 naked brownish tips of the scales showing dots of color 

 imbedded in the cylinder of white wool which wholly con- 

 ceals the rachis ; J^ertile aments in comparison usually 

 destitute of any such vesture, very shortly, but distinctly 

 peduncled with three to four small bracts at base ; capsules 

 glabrous, long ])ediceled, the pedicel six to eight times the 

 length of the gland, scales thin, tawny, sparsely villous and 

 in age inconspicuous ; style distinct, stigmas emarginate. 



Plains of Idaho (Dr. Palmer) and southward in the moun- 

 -lains to Lake County, California (Dr. C. L. Andersson). 



A small tree, the young twigs of which are the color of 

 pipe-clay and highly polished. Older branches said to be 

 yellow, and the whole tree in habit to resemble Salix amyg- 

 daloides. The two seem to be frequently confused, either 

 ■from this resemblance afield or from the very open fruiting 

 jaments of Mackenziana, with their inconspicuous scales at 

 -the base of the slender pedicels being so disguised as to 

 real character. In extreme forms, such as are described 

 above, Mackenziana is a rare Willow, but shading off from 

 these the forms which connect the extreme with ordinary 

 cordata are very common. All taken together, the type of 

 -the variety and allied forms may be regarded as represent- 

 ing the Rock}' Mountain phase of S. cordata as distinguished 

 from forms of the east and west ; corresponding, as it were, 

 with S. lasiandra caudata as distinguished from S. lucida 

 east and S. lasiandra west, or S. flavescens typica as distin- 

 guished from S. discolor east and S. capreoides west, only that 

 -the difference is less pronounced, being vidiolly within the 

 limits of a single species. 



Salix cordata, van lutea. — Leaves lanceolate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute or acuminate, one to one and a half 

 inches long, obscurely dentate or entire, silky when just 

 expanding, soon smooth, pale green and shining above, 

 glaucous beneath ; stipules small, lunate ; aments appear- 

 ing before the leaves, closely sessile, short, densely flow- 

 ered ; capsules shortly pediceled ; pedicel four to five 

 times the length of the gland, barely twice the length of 

 the crisp-villous scale. 



Salix lutea, Nutt, Sylva, i., bi, t. ig. S. cordata an- 

 gustata vitillina, Andersson, DC, Prod., xvi., part ii., 252. 



Moose Jaw, Assiniboia, Macoun, 1880 ; Old Wives' 

 Creek, Assiniboia, May, Macoun, 1895 ; on White Mud 

 River, Assiniboia, near United States boundary, Macoun ; 

 Saskatchawan, Bourgeau (fide Andersson) ; Colorado Hall 

 and Harbour, N. 524, as to the pistillate specimen only ! 



"A small arborescent Willow which at first glance ap- 



* The fi^re given, namely 91, plate 8, grossly misrepresents botli the plant and 

 the author's description. It could scarcely have been drawn from Dr. Richard- 

 _jeon's specimens. 



pears nearly allied to the common yellow-twigged Salix 

 vitillina ; but it never grows so large. Remarkable for its 

 sinooth bright yellow branches (Nuttall)." The concurrent 

 testimony of those who have seen this Willow growing is 

 that its bright yellow branches give it a distincdve appear- 

 ance, but, apparently, very little reliance can be placed on 

 any peculiarity of this kind which S. cordata may present 

 in the Rocky Mountain region. Dr. V. Havard, Surgeon, 

 U. S. A., sends from the Little Rocky Mountains, Montana, 

 autumnal leaves only of what seems genuine S. cordata, 

 with the note, "bark of the larger stems glistening white." 

 It may still be possible that as we know the leaves of S. 

 lutea only as accompanying fruiting aments that these 

 leaves of Dr. Havard's — two and a half to three inches 

 long, one-half to one inch wide, rounded or cordate at 

 base, distinctly serrate, and with large orbicular stipules — 

 may represent,' after all, the fully developed foliage of 

 S. lutea. 

 Rockford, III. M. S. Bebb. 



Foreign Correspondence. 



London Letter. 



CHRYSANTHEMUMSaretheflowersofNovember. They 

 reign supreme in every garden, they occupy the atten- 

 tion of almost every cultivator, and they are a source of pleas- 

 ure and interest to thousands who flock to exhibitions to see 

 them, in spite of unpropitious weather. The two principal 

 exhibitions of Chrysanthemums held in the Metropolis 

 annually have just taken place, one at the Crystal Palace, 

 on the 2d, the other at the Aquarium, Westminster, on the 

 5th, 6th and 7th instant. Both exhibitions were excep- 

 tional in the high quality of the flowers and plants shown, 

 and especially so in the extraordinary number and variety 

 of Japanese flowers represented. Every year places this 

 section of Chrysanthemums further and further ahead of all 

 others in popularity. Not only do exhibitors rely most 

 upon them for success in prize-vpinning, but visitors spend 

 far more time in examining and admiring them than over 

 any other section. One might almost assert that the ma- 

 jority of those who admire Chrysanthemums would not 

 grieve much if all except the Japanese varieties disap- 

 peared from cultivation. 



For enormity of bloom some of the exhibits of Japanese 

 sorts surpass this year all previous records. Mr. W. H. 

 Lees, gardener to Mr. F. A. Bevan, Trent Park, Bariiet, won 

 the first prize at the Crystal Palace for thirty-six flowers ; 

 at the Aquarium he won the Challenge Trophy for forty- 

 eight, and the Holmes Memorial prize for forty-eight flow- 

 ers, a record in prize-winning at national exhibitions in 

 this country. There were nine dozen Japanese flowers 

 included in these three grand exhibits, and every flovi'er 

 was exceptional in size and finish. The best varieties 

 were : white — Madame Carnot, Mrs. W. H. Lees, Jladame 

 Moulin, Mutual Friend, Mademoiselle T. Rey, Mademoiselle 

 IMarie Hoste ; yellow — Phcebus, H. H. Sunderbruch, Mon- 

 sieur Pankoucke, Sunflower ; bronze-yellow — jNIonsieur 

 C. Moulin ; crimson — G. W. Childs, Madame G. Biron, j\Iiss 

 Dorothy Shea. 



The incurved section was represented scarcel)' as well 

 as in previous years, and the same is true of the other sec- 

 tions, among which I failed to find any flower specially 

 noteworthy. I vi'as informed by Mr. Canneil, who had 

 taken the trouble to count the varieties represented at the 

 Aquarium, that there were one hundred and seventy-five 

 distinct named varieties of the Japanese, fort)' six incurved, 

 fifty Anemone-floAvered, the most peculiar of all the sec- 

 tions, and about a score each of the reflexed. Pompons and 

 single-flowered sections. This gives a grand total of three 

 hundred and thirty named varieties exhibited at one place. 



The plants were, as usual, unattractive, almost ugly, in 

 their painfully trained balloon-like shapes or rigid tripods, 

 each bearing three flowers. The beauty of a bush Chrys- 

 anthemum is never, or rarely, to be seen at an exhibition. 

 There are plenty of them at Kew, which are pictures, be- 



