LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate I. 



Fig. 1. Looking across a mangrove swamp at head of Tubugan Bay, Port Banga. 

 Zamboanga. Yacal forest on hills in background. 

 2. Sonneratiu pagatpat on the open coast. Old beach has been eroded, leaving 

 a lagoon containing a mangrove swamp on the open coast. Bongabon, 

 jVIindoro. 



Plate II. 



Fig. 1. Interior view of a mangrove swamp. The large tree is Sonneratia pagatpat 

 (pagatpat), those trees with prop roots are Rhizophora conjugata 

 (bacao) and the smaller without prop roots are mainly Bruguiera par- 

 viflora. Bongabon, Mindoro. 

 2. Interior view of a mangrove swamp. The large tree is Sonneratia pagatpat 

 (pagatpat), otherwise the stand is almost purely Bruguiera parviflora. 

 Bongabon, Mindoro. 



Plate III. 



Fig. 1. Swamp along coast. Under water at high tide. Guinayangan, Tayabas. 

 2. Pagatpat "air roots." Trees growing in salt water. 



Plate IV. 

 Fig. 1. Bacauan; root buttresses. 

 2. Bacauan; root buttresses. 



Plate V. 



Fig. 1. Pototan tree, along seacoast at low tide. 

 2. Pototan; lower trunk and roots. 



Plate VI. 



Fig. 1. Mangrove swamp at sitio Limbagujan. Stumps of tangal {Ceriops) in 

 foreground. Trees of Rhizophora (bacauan) and Bruguiera. 

 2. Mangrove swamp. View of pieces of bacavian rajas (firewood). 



Plate VII. 



Fig. 1. Piled firewood cut mainly from sawed species of tangal and bacauan. 

 Southwest coast of Camarines. 

 2. Cordwood. Baler, Nueva Vizcaya. 



Plate VIII. 



Fig. 1. Discharging rajas (firewood). Counting sticks by hand, two at a time. 

 2. Bundles of firewood at Quinta Market, Manila, sold at 20 centavos each 

 Philippine currency. 



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