2 cox. 



swamps at 2.0 per cent of the public forests of the Philippine Islands, or 

 207,200 hectares; he further estimates the stand at about 20 cubic meters 

 per hectare, or 4,144,000 cubic meters. They occur as narrow fringes 

 along the coast, or to a considerable extent on the tidal flats at the mouths 

 of the larger rivers, especially at the heads of bays. Perhaps all of the 

 sj^ecies of the Rhhoplioracew are to be found in these swamps, although 

 the general terms of bacauan and taiigal are often applied.^ Firewood 

 is usually cut into two sizes called hnas and rajas. The former are 

 seldom over one-half meter long and 7 or 8 centimeters in diameter, 

 while the latter are about 1-| meters long and not over 15 centimeters 

 in thickness. During the fiscal year- 1909 taxes were paid on about 

 140,000 cubic meters of leiias and 11,500,000 rajas, making over 200,000 

 cubic meters in all. At least this amount is cut every year in the Philip- 

 pines in vicinities with convenient transportation to markets, and more 

 valuable firewood is left in the remote mangrove swamps after the 

 removal of the tanbark. Most of the mangrove swamp trees used as fuel 

 in the Philippines Avili yield bark fairly rich in tannin and dyestuffs and 

 to that extent are valuable for tanning and dyeing. However, at present 

 the wood and bark are usually burned together. A knowledge of the 

 extractive materials, turpentine, resin tar, gas, alcohol, acids, etc., of woods 

 is extremely closely associated with their use as a fuel. Not all have been 

 investigated as yet, but a list of the publications of this Bureau on these 

 subjects is given.'^ The pulping qualities of Philippine woods have also 

 been studied * to a certain extent. 



° Following is a list of the local names of trees mentioned in this paper with 

 the name of the dialect in which they are used: 



Bacauan or Bacao (Tagalog). Tabigue (Visayan), nigue, nigi (Tagalog). 



TANGAL (Tagalog, Visayan). Tambu tambtj (Moro):^Tabigue. 



POTOTAN (Tagalog, Visayan). Pagatpat (Moro). 



GUAVA (English) or guayabas (Spanish). Lttmbayao (Moro). 



Agoho (Tagalog, Ilocano, Visayan). Bayub (Moro), bayog (Tagalog). 



Bacauan tubig (Moro)=Pototan. Lenggadi (Tagalog), hagalay, langakay 



Catutan (Moro)=Pototan. (Visayan). 



' Bacon, R. F., and Gana, V. Q., The Economic Possibilities of the Mangrove 

 Swamps of the Philippines, This Journal, Sec. A (1909), 4, 205; Editorial: 

 Philippine Turpentine, Ibid. (1909), 4, 431; Brooks, B. T., The Oleoresin of 

 Pinus insularis Endl., Ihid. (1910), 5, 229. 



Mr. Williams, of the Laboratory of organic chemistry of this Bureau, is 

 now investigating the distillation of woods, but his report is not ready for 

 publication. 



« Richmond, G. F., Philippine Fibers and Fibrous Substances : Their Suitability 

 for Paper Making, This Journal (1906), 1, 433, 1075; Ibid., Sec. A (1907), 2, 

 81; (1909), 4, 231; Ibid., Sec. A (1910), 5, 233. 



