THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY. PART I. 



101 



Table II.° — Consumption per capita of alcoholic beverages in various countries 



of the world. 



[Quantities in liters.] 



Country. 



United States 



Germany 



France 



Great Britain." 



Russia 



Belgium 



Italy 



Austria-Hungary 

 Sweden 



Malt 

 liquors. 



65.4 



106.5 



27.97 



134.9 



3.89 



210.5 



7.94 



43.8 



31.7 



Wine. 



1.89 

 7.07 



130.0 

 1.47 

 6.4 

 4.5 



121.7 

 9.4 

 0.64 



Distilled 

 spirits. 



5.29 

 •77.1 

 9.45 

 5.29 

 4.5 

 5.29 

 1.28 

 9.8 

 7.56 



° The figure undoubtedly includes alcohol used in the arts. 



However, it must be borne in mind that the Philippine figures refer 

 entirely to alcohol consumed as beverages, while much of that used in 

 other countries is in the industries, and the Philippine estimates do not 

 include a large quantity of alcoholic beverages made from the various 

 palm saps, sugar, sugar refuse, sugar cane, rice and other grains. These 

 are manufactured without distillation, usually on a small scale by 

 families, in almost every community of the Islands. In some districts 

 many of the natives have one or more palm trees standing in their yards, 

 from which they gather tuba for their own consumption and for the 

 purpose of peddling among their neighbors. These fermented drinks 

 contain from 4 to 16 per cent of alcohol. 



Ninety-three per cent of the total amount of alcohol and alcoholic 

 beverages produced in the Philippine Islands during the last fiscal year, 

 was distilled from the saps exuding from palm trees. Over 90,000,000 

 liters of sap were distilled at 68 distilleries. Nine million seven hundred 

 thousand proof * liters of alcoholic beverages were produced. All was 

 consumed locally and almost all by the native population. 



The industry is constantly increasing, not only as a revenue producer 

 to the Government, but also in the importance of its commercial and 

 ethical aspects. Its status, since the enactment of the present internal- 

 revenue laws, is shown in the following table. 



' Statistics taken from The World Almanac for 1908. 



" The proof spirit referred to throughout this article is that fixed by seetiou 

 3249 of the Revised Statutes of the United States which defines proof spirit as 

 containing one-half its volume of alcohol of a density 0.7939 at 60° F. This 

 differs from the British proof spirit which is defined by Act of Parliament to 

 be a liquid of such density that, at 51° F., 13 volumes shall weigh the same 

 as 12 volimies of water at the same temperature. The British proof spirit has 

 a density of 0.91984 at 60° F., and contains 49.24 per cent alcohol by weight. 



