THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY. PART L 133 



lines can be laid upon the surface and dropped to the bottom of the 

 shallow waterways. The pumping expense will be very light. 



The advantages to be gained are the great saving of time and labor required 

 in the transportation, reduction in losses from evaporation and leakage, tEe 

 opening up of producing areas which are now inaccessible, and the consolidation 

 of small isolated plants into large central distilleries. At present, the greater 

 proportion of the tuba gatherer's time is occupied in paddling the canoes to and 

 from the distillery and in unloading. On the establishment of a pipe line he 

 could live on his allotted area with his family and devote his entire time to the 

 care of the plants and the gathering of the sap. A saving of no mean importance 

 would be the elimination of the expense of making new waterways and dredging 

 old ones. 



The only objections which have been advanced to me are, first, the fact that 

 the tuba gatherer is paid so much for the tuba which he delivers at the distillery 

 so that the transportation is no expense to the distiller, and, second, that the 

 acids forming in the fermenting sap will rapidly destroy the pipes. The first 

 objection is an economic fallacy and the second I believe can be met by lining 

 the pipes with the proper resisting material. I have the hope that some distiller 

 will give this suggestion a trial by the establishment in the near future of a 

 small pipe line. 



Efficiency of distilleries. — Two distilleries in the first district (Bulacan- 

 Pampanga) one producing low-grade alcohol, the other, highly rectified 

 spirits, both employing continuous stills, were selected as typical for in- 

 vestigations of efficiency. Analyses of the fermented sap entering the 

 stills, the alcohol and the waste were made at regular intervals throughout 

 a run and an attempt to locate the losses was made. 



CONTROL TESTS. 

 By W. B. GoNDER and P. Agcaoili. 



Control test No. 1, November 19, 1910. — The distillery is located at 

 Hagonoy. The plant consists of two steam-heated stills with accompany- 

 ing steam boiler, steam pumps, fermenting vats and storage tanks for 

 alcohol, and produces alcohol ranging from 96 to 106 proof. 



Before starting the test, the tuba supply was stopped and all supply 

 tanks connected with the stills as well as the stills themselves were 

 emptied and all alcohol in the reservoirs and pipes was pumped to the 

 storage tank. 



At 8 a. m. the tuba was turned on, the machine started and run continuously 

 for eight hours, the tuba supply being turned off at 4 p. m. 



Samples of tuba, alcohol produced, and waste, were taken every hour and 

 analyzed for the alcohol content and acidity. The polarization of the tuba was 

 also noted. 



