THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY. PART L 141 



difficulties connected with such an industry are met, for the sap in its 

 composition so nearly resembles cane juice that no special changes are 

 necessary in the process of refining. 



Sugar-hoiling experiment. — On December 14, 1910, at 6 o'clock in the 

 evening, twenty new bamboo joints {iuquiJs) were coated on the inside 

 with a thick mixture of lime and water and immediately placed in position 

 to catch the sap from as many nipa palms. The lime employed was 

 manufactured at the distillery l)y burning oyster and other shells. At 6 

 the next morning, the sap which had flowed during the twelve hours was 

 collected in a glass demijohn and transported to Manila to the laboratory. 

 It was filtered twenty-eight hours after collection, and the clear filtrate 

 measured 15 liters. The analysis is given in column I of Table XT. 



Four liters of this liquid were heated to boiling in a large porcelain evaporat- 

 ing dish and carbon dioxide run in until the alkalinity was reduced to 0.10 gram 

 calcium oxide for 100 cubic centimeters of solution. The solution was then 

 filtered and analyzed. See column II, Table XV. 



The process of evaporation was then continued and the alkalinity further 

 reduced with sulphur dioxide to 0.011 gram calcium oxide for 100 cubic centi- 

 meters of liquid. The solution was again filtered and analyzed. See column III, 

 Table XV. This solution contained, according to the analysis, 236 grams of 

 • sucrose. 



On boiling down to a massecuite and cooling, crystals of good grain 

 were obtained. These, on drying in a hand centrifuge and finally in 

 an air bath at about 90°, weighed 157 grams, were pure white, and 

 polarized at 96.8 per cent. 



The molasses and washings were boiled down to a second massecuite 

 and treated in the same way. A yield of 79 grams of verj- light yellow 

 sugar polarizing at 93.8 was obtained. The second molasses was light 

 yellow, measured 20 cubic centimeters and polarized at 58.6. A third 

 sugar could easily have been crystallized from it if the volume had been 

 sufficient. The losses were entirely due to the numerous samples taken 

 for analysis during the course of the work and to the handling of small 

 quantities of material in the centrifugal machine, which was much too 

 large for the samples. 



Ten days later, on December 24, 1910, a second portion of the same 

 raw material was treated in practically the same manner. The original 

 analysis is given in colimin IT, Table XT, the analysis after the carbon 

 dioxide treatment in column T, and after the sulphur dioxide treatment 

 in column TI. Two liters of this solution, containing theoretically 276 

 grams of sixcrose, yielded 210 grams of first sugar, which was almost pure 

 white and polarized at 96.8. The quantitj' of molasses was too small to 

 handle succesfulb' in the apparatus, so no further attempt was made to 

 refine it, although with larger quantities it could easily be handled. The 

 analyses are given in the following table : 



