ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate I. 



Fig. 1. View from top of San Esteban distillery. Nipa swamps as far as the 

 eye can reach. (Photograph by Martin.) 

 2. Uncultivated nipa swamp. Legaspi, Albay Province. (Photograph by 

 Martin. ) 



Plate II. 



Cultivated nipa swamp. Bulacan. (Photograph by Martin.) 



Plate III. 



Fig. 1. Collecting the nipa sap. Showing a native collector and two bamboo 

 joints ( tuquils ) in position to receive the ' sap. ' ( Photograph by 

 Martin. ) 

 2. Nipa palms in fruit. 



Plate IV. 

 Fig. 1. Nipa carpel. 



2. Opened carpel showing seed. 



Plate V. 



Unloading sap in tinajas from the canoes in which it is transported to the distil- 

 lery. (Photograph by Martin.) 



Plate VI. 



Panoramic view of the plant of Ayala and Company's distillery at San Esteban, 

 Pampanga Province. From right to left are the storehouse for the nipa 

 sap, the distillery, the manager's residence, and the storehouse for alcohol. 

 The pipe line connecting the latter with the distillery can be seen supported 

 on poles and appeai-s in the distance like a telegraph wire. (Photograph by 

 Martin.) 



Plate VII. 



Fig. 1. Interior of distillery in Bulacan Province. (Photograph by Martin.) 



2. Rectifying column in "La Clementina" distillery, Manila. Owned by 

 Compania General de Tabaeos de Filipinas. (Photograph by Martin.) 



Plate VIII. 



Fig. 1. Carabao delivery cart in streets of Manila. Loaded with 50 arrobas (800 

 liters) of anisado. (Photograph by Martin.) 

 2. Demijohns containing 2,401 arrobas (.38,416 liters) of anisado made from 

 nipa alcohol, ready for shipment. (Photograph by Martin.) 



TEXT FIGURES. 



Page. 



Fig. 1. Sap flow of nipa palm, average of six trees during one season 121 



2. Spontaneous fermentation of the nipa palm sap 127 



Map No. 1 1 12 



145 



