THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY. PART I. 



179 



A second sample collected at 6 o'clock in the morning of August 23, 

 1910, showed the following acid fermentation: 



Time interval. 



Acidity. 



cc. of tenth 

 normal sodi- 

 um hydrox- 

 ide required 

 to neutralize 

 100 cc. 



1 



Calculated 

 as acetic. 



1.5 hours ___ __. 



0.5 

 1.5 

 2.0 

 3.0 

 4.5 

 7.0 

 9.0 

 11.0 

 13.0 

 14.0 

 42.0 



0.003 

 .009 

 .012 

 .018 

 .027 

 .042 

 .054 

 .066 

 .078 

 .084 

 .252 



2.5 hours -_ — -__ 



3. 5 hours . 



4. 5 hours - . 



5. 5 hours. 



6.5 hours 



7. 5 hours . 



8.5 hours. ... 



9. 5 hours .. . 



10.0 hours 



30. 5 hours 





A third sample collected November 6, 1910 : 



Time interval. 



Acidity. 



cc. of tenth 

 normal sodi- 

 um hydrox- 

 ide required 

 to neutralize 

 100 cc. 



1 



Calculated 

 as acetic. 



3 days . 



96.0 

 177.0 



0.575 

 1.062 



5 days 





The rates of inversion and alcoholic and acid fermentations are plotted 

 in text figure number 4, page 180. 



It is evident that the greater portion of the reducing sugars is changed 

 by the viscous, putrid, and other fermentations rather than by the alco- 

 holic, in the spontaneously fermenting sap. 



Inhibition of the fermentations. — Toluene, chloroform, formaldehyde, 

 alcohol, and lime were employed in various samples of the sap from 

 all the trees investigated. Toluene and chloroform give satisfactory 

 results when it is desired to preserve the samples onJy for a few hours. 

 They do not prevent the action of the invertase. Formaldehyde has 

 only a temporary effect unless the amounts employed are excessively 

 large. 



A satisfactory method of preserving the sap for some purposes con- 

 sisted in collecting it in a bottle containing a known aniount of alcohol, 

 as it dropped from the tree. The alcohol inhibits all changes in the sap. 



102594 3 



