186 



GIBBS. 



Analyses of the sap. — At intervals during the flow of the sap it was 

 polarized on the spot and samples were sent to the laboratory at Manila 

 and analyzed. 



Table XXVII. — Analyses of sap from tree number 5 at intervals during the sap 



flow. 



Date of collection of sample. 



Density. 



Solids. 



Ash. 



Direct 

 polar- 

 ization. 



Reduc- 

 ing 

 sugars. 



Acidity. 



Purity. 



Brix.» 



By 

 weight. 



August 4,1910 





13.2 

 12.7 

 13.1 

 14.1 

 13.0 

 13.5 

 12.5 

 13.3 







9.1 



9.2 



10.2 



12.0 



11.0 



11.8 



10.6 



11.2 



i>12.6 



''11.5 



9.5 



9.4 







69.0 

 72.5 

 78.1 

 85. § 

 85.0 

 87.2 

 84.1 

 84.1 

 88.2 

 87.3 

 87.9 

 83.2- 



August 5,1910 













August 10, 1910 













August 17, 1910 - - - - 













August 18, 1910 __ 













August 19, 1910 













August 23, 1910 













August 25, 1910 













September 2, 1910 _ 





14.3 

 13.92 



0.35 

 0.49 



0.35 

 0.71 



0.04 

 0.002 



October 1,1910- _ - - 



1. 0525 



10.8 

 11.3 



October 11, 1910— 



November 3, 1910— - _ 

























" It is to be noted that the Brix given in this table does not coincide with that found in 

 Table XXVI. This is due to the fact that the data given in this table are obtained from 

 fresh samples. The Brix of the samples recorded in Table XXVI is too low because fer- 

 mentation had commenced before the samples were collected, and are to be regarded as 

 comparative rather than absolute values. 



•' Sucrose by Clerget. 



The purity / direct polarization \ ^^ ^^i^ g^^ ^.^se to about 84.5 per 

 \ sucrose by Brix / 

 cent after the sixteenth day of flow and remained almost constant until 

 the flow was practically completed. Since the solids were determined 

 in the field by means of the Brix spindle, it is quite probable that the 

 data obtained in the laboratory at Manila upon the samples shipped in 

 are more accurate. These data place the purity at about 88 per cent. 



THE ilANUFACTURE OF SUGAR FBOM THE SAP. 

 With W. B. GONDER. 



The small amount of sugar made by the natives is boiled out of the 

 fresh sap without the use of any chemicals for preservation or clarifica- 

 • tion, and before inversion has had time to progress to any considerable 

 extent. 



Theodore C. Zschokke, Forester of the Bureau of Forestry, Philippine 

 Islands, writes as follows concerning the production of sugar: 



"The sugar maker locates a grove of mature trees and builds a clay furnace 

 near by. The furnace is built around a core which is burned out when the clay 

 has sufficiently dried. At one side is an arched opening for feeding the fire and 

 opposite is a grotesque face which serves as a chimney. An ordinary kettle is 



