372 SMITH. 



spread over much of the eountry. A number of low hills, quite far 

 apart, are encountered just before the Apo Range is reached. These 

 are marked on the map as the IMatutan Range. Neither of these ranges 

 is so well defined as is usually represented on the maps. In fact, it 

 ■ is possible to go from Cotabato to Davao without reaching an elevation 

 higher than 610 meters. 



There is a sharp definition between the peoples, and also the vege- 

 tation on the two sides of the Matutan Range. West of it are Moros. 

 The country is heavily forested and very wet at certain seasons of the 

 year. East of it the Moros disappear, but a number of related tribes, 

 such as the Bagobos, JIanobos, and Atas, are present. The vegetation 

 becomes more scanty, the trees smaller, there is no underbrush, and 

 the climate generally is much drier. We could not see Mount Apo 

 in passing along its base because of the constant clouds enveloping the 

 peak. In fact, from the time we left Cotabato until we reached Digos, 

 ten days later, we had not a single glimpse of the mountain. 



The following hints may be of use to prospective climbers of ]Mount Apo. The 

 best place to start is from Daron. A Spaniard, by the name of Gregorio Palaeio, 

 who lives here, will assist travelers in obtaining Bagobo cargadores. It is best 

 to leave this place about 6 or 7 o'clock in the morning. About noon, the house 

 of Tongkaling, the chief of the Bagobos, is reached. Here a rest should be taken, 

 continuing the journey on the next morning. Tadaya can be reached at noon by 

 fast traveling. The trip from Tadaya to Major Mearn's camp at 1830 meters 

 is veiy hard and will require a whole day. Here the base camp should be made. 

 The trip from this point to the summit will require the greater part of the 

 forenoon. 



Mount Apo is in a cluster of peaks. I have already mentioned its 

 general appearance in a previous article. I consider the present peak 

 of Apo as produced by the erosion of a stock. The circular depression 

 at the top is not necessarily a crater; the main mass of this cluster 

 is to the northeast. The lines resembling bedding planes in the photo- 

 graph (see Plate I) are flow lines. The rock constituting the peak 

 of Apo is a flow of andesite porphyrj', while that coming from the 

 large crater to the northeast is andesite breccia. One phase of this rock 

 found at the summit, is an augite andesite. The principal phenochrysts 

 are large, glassy, though much corroded, plagioclases and colorless aug- 

 ites, with a small amount of biotite mica. The ground-mass, for the 

 most part, is fine-grained with small fragments of feldsparpyroxene and 

 magnetite scattered about. 



In ascending this mountain, ^ne passed three fumaroles at an elevation 

 of about 2,120 meters; these are located along a deep crevasse which 

 cleaves the southeast side of Apo. Another fumarole is found about 

 one-half kilometer farther to the west. They are all very small, the 

 openings being only a few centimeters in diameter; steam and sulphur 

 fumes issue to a height of several meters with considerable noise. A 



