RECONNAISSANCE OF SOUTHEASTERN LUZON. 453 



The sea has cut away a portion of its ba?e and erosion has developed the 

 following features on the seaward side. The central portion has the 

 form of a partially uncovered cone, suggesting a volcanic plug or neck. 

 On each side ol' this central cone there is a lower, shoulder-like mass. 

 Two rathei- symmetrical gulclies are developed between tlie slioulders and 

 the cone and approach each other as tliey descend to the sea. The view 

 of tht> {)eak fro3n the north shows the shoulders to be connected behind 

 the central cone by a ridge, and from this ridge there is a gi-adual slope 

 inland. This feature is also sliown by Jagor in his sketch of tlie peak 

 as seen from Colasi. 



Mount Bagacay, or the Siei'i'a de Bagacay of former writers, remains 

 to l)e mentioned as a prominent topographic feature. This elongated 

 ridge has an elevation of about 900 meters and lies near the coast between 

 Daet and Pai'acale. It is separated from the cordillera proper by the 

 valley of tlie Labo Eiver. It does not belong to the chain of volcanic 

 peaks, but probably is an older feature the relations of which will be 

 discussed in dealing with the geology of the region. 



Between the northern and central division of the cordillera there is a 

 wide gap occupied by San Miguel Bay and the lowlands at the mouth of 

 the Bicol Valley. 



Isarog, an extinct volcano, is the first peak in the central division. 

 As its name in the Bicol language implies, it stands alone. Its base 

 occupies a large area ; its lower slo])es rise gradually, and their symmetry 

 is not impaired l)y subsidiary cones, but on the northwest flank there is 

 some broken country dissected l)y deep ravines. As seen from the west, 

 Isarog is dome-.shaped. Moreover, from the east the summit is seen to be 

 formed by a crescent-shaped ridge, and the great crater, which is drained 

 by the Rungus River, may be observed through a deep cleft. A point 

 on the north part of the crater rim has an elevation of 1,979 meters, and 

 one on the south an elevation of 1,908 meters. 



Roth and von Drasche cite Hoclistetter's explanation that C^arainuan 

 Peninsula, which at one time was probably an island, has been joined 

 to the mainland by the eruption of Isarog. 



Moujit Ii'iga, elevation 1,196 meters, is a volcanic peak. Jagor writes 

 as follows- concerning it : 



"I WiiH iufoiuied by the priests of the neigliboiiiig hamlets that the volcano 

 until the commencenient of the seventeenth centuiy had been completely conical 

 and that the lake (Buhi) did not come into existence until half the mountain 

 fell in at the time of its great eruption. This statement I found oonfirmeri 

 in the pages of the 'Estado Geogrfifico.' On the fourth of .January, 1641, a 

 memorable day, — for on that day all the known volcanoes of the archipelago 

 began to erupt at the same hour, — a loftly hill inCaniarines inhabited by heathens 

 fell in, and a fine lake sprang inio existence upon its site. Tlie then inhabitants, of 

 the village of Buhi migrated to the shores of the new lake, which, on this 

 account, was henceforward called the lake of Buhi." 



