45(> ADAMS AND PRATT. 



Caramuaii Peninsula. — Caramuan Peninsula has a very irregular north- 

 east coast line which is bordered by a number of islands. The topography 

 suggests that it has been ''drowned," and the soundings near the shore 

 indicate, a submarine shelf. The 30-fathom line runs from the point of 

 Catan,duanes Island well off the shore of Caramuan and outside of the 

 Calagua Islands. The northwestern part of the peninsula is low, the 

 higher elevations rising from 85 to 200 meters. In the southern portion 

 there are some conspicuous peaks which have elevations of from 425 to 

 900 meters, and Saddle Peak, which is the dominant one, reaches 1,031 

 meters. Tlie coast bordering on Lagonoy Gulf is precipitous in many 

 places and the gulf contains deep water, the 500-fathom line coming 

 close to the shore of the peninsula. The eastern end of the peninsula is 

 relatively high and very irregular. 



The line of the higher mountains of Catanduanes Island is seemingly 

 ■A continuation of the structure in Caramuan Peninsula. In the southern 

 part of the island there are elevations determined to be from 552 to 798 

 meters. The central portion of the island is high and broken, but its 

 northern extremity is of lower relief. 



, Batan Island chain. — The small islands lying between Lagonoy and 

 Albay Gulfs and separated from each other by narrow passages and straits 

 appear to be genetically related. The elevations of these islands are of 

 moderate relief : the highest point on San Miguel is 91 meters, on Cararay 

 380, on Batan 460, and on Eapu-Eapu 534 meters. The geologic consti- 

 tution of the chain suggests that the islands probably are the exposed 

 portions of a fault.block lying on the eastern flank of the cordillera. 



Ragay Coast Hills. — This elongated area borders Eagay Gulf and, con- 

 tinuing southeast along the coast of the mainland, contains but a few 

 conspicuous topographic features. The elevations of the higher points 

 have not l)een determined and are not known even approximately, since 

 the Coast and Geodetic Survey charts have not been revised in this re- 

 gion. Tlie surface features are softened by the dense growth of vegeta- 

 tion, but a number of conspicuous elevations may be seen, such as Mount 

 Caburanan and Mount Bantuin. Mount Bantuin was described by von 

 Drasehe as liaving the form of a low despressed cone with gentle slope. 

 He conjectured that it is certainly of volcanic origin. His description 

 of its form was given from seeing it from Eagay. It is found to be a 

 ridge-like mountain and with no features which suggest volcanic origin 

 if studied from other points and especially if viewed close at hand. 

 Mount Bernaeci is a raesa-like mass which presents an even skyline when 

 seen from Libmanau which lies nearly to the north of it. Viewed from 

 the northwest or soutlieast, its summit shows a gentle decline to the north- 

 ward. Its sides are precipitous in many places. Its configuration is 

 readily understood wlien it is explained that is consists of slightly inclined 

 sedimentarv strata, some of which are of massive limestone. In fact. 



