38 



[Number 205, 



cies be regarded as distinct, there is no doubt that the name 

 M. pulchra should be adopted. 



We have examined carefully the specimens of Lopho- 

 dermium infectans and Hysteriopsis acicola, and in both 

 cases found only young perilhecia, without any trace of 

 spores, in the absence of which it is impossible to say to 

 what genus they belong, still less to what species. Dr. 

 Mayr states that he did not find mature stages, and that be- 

 ing the case, we do not think that he was warranted in 

 saying anything more than that the two immature forms 

 in question belonged to some indeterminable species of the 

 order Hysteriacese. We are unable to understand the rea- 

 sons given for making the new genus Hysteriopsis. On 

 page 340 it is said "the genus (Hysteriopsis) differs from 

 those existing in Europe, all of which live on young shoots 

 (Triebbevvohner)." But only a few lines previously he 

 says that " the needles of Picea Sitchensis become diseased 

 as if under the influence of a Lophodermium macrosporum." 

 Now, since L. macrosporum attacks Uie needles (see Har- 

 tig, Wichlige Krankheiten der Waldbdume, pi. vi., fig. i — 4) 

 it is difficult to see why it is necessary to separate Hyste- 

 riopsis from Lophodermium because it grows upon the 

 leaves. In fact, the admitted resemblance to L. macro- 

 sporum, which certainly does attack the needles, makes it 

 probable that, if Hysteriopsis acicola be not really an 

 American form of L. macrosporum, it is, at least, a nearly 

 related Lophodermium, which, in the absence of suffi- 

 ciently well-developed material, cannot be determined. 



The specimen of Puccinidia Abietis on Abies concolor we 

 were particularly glad to be able to examine because the 

 original description differs so much from that of any of the 

 Uredinea; known to us that we were unable to recognize 

 the fungus as a species of that order. Dr. Mayr considers 

 that there is at first an eecidium, and that there later de- 

 velops in and near the tecidia a mass of uredospores, from 

 which, at length, develop teleutospores. The accompany- 

 ing figures, however, bear little resemblance to any uredo 

 or teleutospores known to us. An examination of the 

 specimens themselves shows the tecidia with their peridia, 

 spores and spermogonia. It is imnecessary to consider 

 what the name of the eecidium is, because, owing to the 

 fact that the specimens are too old, what we might say on 

 this point would be of the nature of a conjecture rather 

 than an exact determination. The important fact revealed 

 by our examination is that what is called by Dr. Mayr the 

 uredospores is in reality not a uredo at all, but a species of 

 Tuberculina, a genus well known to infest LVedineas in 

 their different stages. Whether, in the present case, we 

 have before us the common T. persicina, or some closely 

 allied Tuberculina, can hardly be definitely settled since 

 the material is too old. If the eecidium has evidently been 

 attacked by a parasitic Tuberculina, the latter has in turn 

 been attacked by some mold belonging to the Hyphomy- 

 cetes, and it is this second parasite that Dr. Mayr considers 

 to be the teleutospores of the eecidium. But the whole 

 structure is quite different from any teleutospore. The 

 black, carbonaceous m)'celium, very irregular in the shape 

 and appearance of the cells, sometimes bears at the tips 

 two-parted cells, but quite as frequently they are not two- 

 parted, but more like what are called Macrosporium spores. 

 It would be quite hopeless trying to name this young 

 mycelium, for one finds very frequently just such forms 

 resulting from the germination of Pleospora and other re- 

 lated genera. It is enough to say that the teleutospores of 

 Dr. Mayr are merely the young stages of some parasitic 

 Pyrenomycete which would be referred to the form genera 

 Cladosporium, Macrosporium, etc., according to the divi- 

 sion of the ultimate cells, which, in the present case, is not 

 constant. 



In conclusion we would express our indebtedness to Dr. 

 Mayr for his courtesy in submitting, quite unsolicited, his 

 original specimejis to us for examination, and, although un- 

 able to agree with his determinations of the fungi, we 

 gladly recognize his friendly treatment of a reviewer whose 

 views differ from his own. 



Garden and Forest. 



Notes of a Summer Journey in Europe. — V. 



\ 



'X'HE route from Zurich to Munich took me over Lake Con- 

 -•• stance to the quaint little harbor of Lindau, in Bavaria. 

 Between Lindau and Munich there are large areas of planted 

 Spruce-forests, and at this time they were looking in fine order 

 and well kept. In many tracts, containing thousands of trees, 

 the trunk of each tree was protected from invasions of ascend- 

 ing insect enemies by a band, presumably, of the same insect- 

 lime which Professor Fernow has advocated so strongly in 

 Garden and Forest (vol. iv., p. 142) and elsewhere. This 

 precaution was particularly directed against the Nonne (Liparis 

 monacha), a large moth, the larvte of which are said to have 

 done damage to the extent of hundreds of thousands of dollars 

 to the coniferous forests of Bavaria and the adjacent countries 

 in the summer of 1890. Close along the line of railway were 

 myriads of young seedlings, and wherever there was an aban- 

 doned gravel-pit or a worn-out piece of soil it had been thickly 

 planted with young Spruces, which would soon make profita- 

 ble what would otherwise be waste land. 



Of the trees planted in the streets of Munich, Lindens, Lom- 

 bardy Poplars, the Red-flowering Horse-chestnuts, known as 

 /Esculus rubicunda, and Planes (Platanus) seem to be the fa- 

 vorites. The Planes here were in poorer condition than in 

 almost any other place visited where they were much planted, 

 and the Lombardy Poplars were chiefly noticeable on some 

 long streets leading out of the city. The healthiest trees no- 

 ticed here were two double rows of the Red-flowering Horse- 

 chestnut which partially surround the narrow park-like Prom- 

 enade Platz. These trees (all grafted, of course) are planted 

 about twenty-four feet apart each way, and give a dense cool 

 shade without growing so high as to obstruct the light and air 

 from buildings. The foliage maintained its characteristic dark 

 green color, and although the trunks were unprotected, few of 

 them showed any signs of mechanical injury. Within the 

 Promenade Platz are well-arranged groups of slirubbery and a 

 few unobtrusive beds of herbaceous plants. 



Munich boasts a Royal Botanic Garden, situated well within 

 the city, and of some interest in certain directions. Much pride 

 is evidently felt in the large and high Palm-house, and also in 

 the Alpine Garden, which is built of irregular sandstone-rocks 

 containing innumerable pockets calculated to hold moisture. 

 An attempt has been made to divide this Alpine Garden into 

 sections according to the geographical distribution of the 

 plants, but this arrangement does not seem to work well, or, 

 at least, does not appear to be consistently carried out. Sec- 

 tions are marked out for European, Mediterranean, Taurian, 

 Himalayan and other alpine floras, but the space devoted to 

 each is necessarily absurdly small. Any such arrangement ne- 

 cessitates a good deal of duplication of species, and, of course, 

 few botanic gardens can afford to do more than show a very 

 few typical species of the different genera. The alpines here 

 were in a very vigorous condition, and showed special care. 

 Some of the plants grow so rampantly that they are witli diffi- 

 culty kept within bounds. Such plants as spread from under- 

 ground shoots are not easily managed in an ordinary rockery 

 because the roots and shoots get among the rocks, where it is 

 difficult to cut them out. 



Campanulas and Potentillas were the most conspicuous 

 plants left in bloom. The tallest and most conspicuous of the 

 Campanulas was C. Americana, three or four feet high, with 

 its long spikes of blue flowers. Other more dwarf and more 

 graceful species still blooming were C. turbinata, with wide- 

 spreading white corollas ; C. thyrsoidea, with dense erect 

 spikes of pretty white flowers, tiie corollas densely hairy 

 within ; C. pusilla, a very dwarf species, with light bUie or 

 white flowers, and a species of Symphyandra, whose blossoms 

 might easily be mistaken for those of a Campanula. A little 

 Aubrietia made a good compact rockery plant for blooming at 

 this season, while Drypis spinosa attracted attention by its 

 innumerable small star-shaped, silvery white flowers. 



As the temperature in winter here rarely goes lower than 

 twenty or twenty-five degrees below zero of Reaumur, it is pos- 

 sible to grow some of the species of Cistus in the open air; 

 and several plants of these shrubs were still bearing some of 

 their pretty fiowers, which, by their petals and stamens, seem 

 to suggest an alliance between a wild Rose and a St. John's 

 Wort. A handsome fruiting clump of our American Cran- 

 berry, growing in the rockery, was found to be planted in a 

 hollow decaying log, which was sunk into theground and filled 

 with peaty soil. 



The collection of herbaceous plants is arranged in good 

 clumps and well separated ; and, as would be expected, the 

 composite plants were making the best show at this season 

 (July aglh), although Veronicas, Campanulas, Stachys, etc.. 



