90 



g. C. Rossianum. Closely allied to the two preceding.. Female 

 flowers dark green. Males blotched with purple-brown on a 

 green ground, and borne in very lax racemes. Native country 

 not known, but probably Central America. Only known in 

 cultivation. 



10. C. glanduliferum. Male flowers light green, spotted with 

 brown, lip white. Females unknown. Native of Mexico. 



11. C. peruvianum. A Peruvian species, closely resembling 

 the last. Male flowers only known. 



12. C. Warscewiczii. Flowers of both sexes wholly green ; 

 in other respects resembling the preceding species of this 

 section. Native of Central America. 



13. C. aureum. A handsome Central American species. 

 The male flowers are large, bright yellow, and borne in pen- 

 dulous racemes. The females are unknown. It appears to 

 have been lost to cultivation. 



14. C. maculatum. Male flowers large and borne in long, 

 dense racemes, green spotted with brown. Females unknown. 

 Native of Venezuela. 



15. C. pentadactylon. Male flowers larger than in any of 

 the preceding, and borne in short, few-flowered racemes ; 

 yellowish green, barred and blotched with dark brown. Teeth 

 of the lip reduced to five. Females a third larger than the 

 males and far more fleshy, with similar colors, but the spots 

 are chiefly concentrated toward the base of the segments. 

 Native of Brazil. „ . „ ,, 



Kew. -R- A. Rolfe. 



New or Little-known Plants. 

 Symplocos crataegoides. 



SO much interest has been awakened among the lovers 

 of hardy shrubs by the notes that have appeared from 

 time to time in these columns on the merits of this plant as 

 an ornament of the garden and the shrubbery, that, at the 

 request of some of our readers, we have had prepared for 

 their benefit the portrait which appears on page 89 of this 

 issue, from one of the plants in the Arnold Arboretum. 

 There is little to be added to what has already been said of 

 this plant. It is a hardy tree-like shrub, which will doubt- 

 less grow in time to a height of ten or twelve feet, and per- 

 haps even to a greater size. The fiowers, which resemble 

 those of the Hawthorn, although they are rather smaller 

 than the flowers of the Hawthorns of the northern states 

 and of Europe, are produced in the greatest profusion 

 during the month of May. In the autumn the branches 

 are covered with clusters of small fruit of the most beauti- 

 ful and brilliant ultramarine blue. The color of the fruit is 

 the most remarkable characteristic of this plant, and it is 

 this that makes it such a valuable garden-plant. 



Symplocos crataegoides is distributed from Japan to 

 northern India, and, as is natural in the case of a plant that 

 inhabits an area of such diversifled climates, it assumes 

 very different forms of foliage and of habit, and botanists 

 have at different times bestowed upon it a number of dif- 

 ferent names. It is to ^Ir. Thomas Hogg, one of the earliest 

 American travelers in Japan, and one of the most success- 

 ful introducers of Japanese plants, that our gardens owe 

 this beautiful shrub, which deserves all the attention it has 

 received during the last two or three years, and which must 

 rank among the very best hardy plants in cultivation. The 

 plant was sent to the Arboretum several years ago by the 

 Messrs. Parsons, of Flushing, Long Island. 



Clematis paniculata. 



THIS plant has already, been figured in Garden and 

 Forest (vol. iii., p. 621), and attention has often been 

 invited to its singular value as an ornamental climber. It 

 is surprising that such a handsome plant, which was in- 

 troduced into Europe nearly a hundred years ago, should 

 have remained so long practically unknown. The happy 

 thought of Mr. Orpet to graft it on our common wild spe- 

 cies, C. Virginica, and afterward upon C. stans, showed 

 how easily it could be propagated, so that everybody now 

 has an opportunity of testing its merits. The plant from 

 which the illustration on page 91 was made is trained on 

 the western side of the residence of Walter Hunnewell, Esq., 



Wellesley, Massachusetts. It was raised from seed, and is 

 now four years old, and has bloomed for two years. Last 

 season it covered about a hundred square feet, but because 

 the space it could occupy was limited it had been pruned back 

 severely, or it would have otherwise spread over twice as 

 large an area. The photograph of which this illustration 

 is a reproduction was taken on the 12th of September, and 

 the plant in the latitude of Boston begins to bloom about 

 the 20th of August, when most other species of Clematis 

 are covered with seed. 



Mr. T. D. Hatfield, who sends us the photograph, states 

 that the stems of the plant are left on the trellis, and are 

 quite unprotected. Some of his plants have a north-west- 

 ern e.xposure, but they have endured the winters of four 

 years without the slightest injury, the wood keeping sound 

 and breaking to the top. Laider such treatment the lower 

 parts of the stems sometimes are bare, so that it is advisable 

 to cut them back to encourage the growth of new wood. 



Primus hortulana. 



THE hardest puzzle in American pomology is the classifi- 

 cation and nomenclature of the native cultivated Plums. 

 Something over 150 varieties are known to cultivation, and 

 these are commonly referred, loosely, to two species, Pru- 

 nus Americana and P. angustifolia (P. Chicasa). But the 

 varieties represent at least two other species, and perhaps 

 even more. One of these species, which appears to have 

 escaped botanical recognition, includes a large class of 

 Plums represented by Golden Beauty, Cumberland, Gar- 

 field, Sucker State, Honey Drop, probably Wild Goose, and 

 others. The species appears to grow wild over a large 

 part of our interior region from Kentucky and Illinois to 

 Texas. It is readily distinguished from our other species by 

 its long ovate-lanceolate and acuminate leaves, which have 

 finely and evenly serrated edges, by long and glandular 

 petioles, and by glandular and more or less pubescent 

 calyx-lobes. The fruits are red or yellow with thin skins 

 and more or less translucent flesh, a very thin bloom, and 

 a juicy sweet flavor. The fruits are later than the Chicka- 

 saws, to which these plums have been mostly referred for 

 many years. For this species, which I shall describe more 

 fully on another occasion, I propose the name Prunus 

 hortulana. t tt t> -i 



Cornell L"iiiv,-rsily. i^- tt. BaUCy. 



Cultural Department. 



Tlie iVdulteration of Copper Mixtures. 



AT the late meeting of the Western New York Horticul- 

 tural Society, Dr. Van Slyke, chemist of the Experi- 

 ment Station at Geneva, read an interesting paper .giving 

 an analysis of some of the substances used in spraying 

 plants. The substances analyzed were copper sulphate, 

 commonly called blue vitriol ; copper carbonate and cop- 

 perdine, a special preparation, said to be a mixture of 

 copper carbonate and ammonium carbonate, in the propor- 

 tions recommended by the Department of Agriculture. 

 Without going through the details of the analysis, we give 

 the summary of the conclusions reached, which are of 

 practical importance, since the copper mixtures are so 

 largely employed against the fungous diseases of cultivated 

 plants. 



Copper sulphate, in the form of large crystals, may be re- 

 garded as being fairly pure, but when in the form of powder it 

 is always safe to test its purity. Copper carbonate, on account 

 of its rather high price, and also on account of its powdered 

 condition, is probably quite liable to adulteration, and should 

 always be tested. Copperdine, in the dry form, costs twice as 

 much as it ought to, but contains the official proportion of cop- 

 per. Copperdine, in liquid form, costs three or four times as 

 much as it ought to, and, as regards the proportions in which 

 its use is recommended, it is only one-half or one-third as 

 strong as it should be. 



While the help of a chemist is needed to tell how much cop- 

 per a substance contains, the following suggestions will enable 



