July 6, 1892.] 



Garden and Forest. 



315 



November to April, that the principal harvest occurs ; but 

 even in the springand summer tlie very beautil'ul roses grown 

 inider shelter are in demand by the dealeis. These roses are 

 the only ones, or nearly the only ones, which show a inu'ily of 

 perfect lint, exempt on the outsiile petals from the discolora- 

 tion, the veining and folds, which are caused by the bite of 

 cold, too warm sun-strokes, or the prolonged action of 

 humidity. 



During the summer the movable sides of the greenhouses 

 are taken away, and there remains only the glass roof which 

 protects the flowers from the rain-storms. 



The proprietor and founder of the establishment is Mr. 

 Aiitoine Mari. It may be said that the most striking feature 

 of his mode of cultivation is the simplicity of the means 

 employed and their perfect adaptation to the end to be at- 

 tained, which is to obtain an abundant and continued pro- 

 duction of Howers without great expense and without exhaust- 

 ing the plants. 



A Rose-bush, as is known, does not require a high tempera- 

 ture. Certain varieties, like the Saffron I^ose, continue to put 

 forth buds and flowers all winter long in I^rovence, and well- 

 developed roses of that variety can be picked at the end of 

 November even in the climate of Paris. At Mr. Mari's place 

 the Rose-trees are planted either in three lines, parallel to each 

 other, for the bushy variety, or, in the case of tliose with flexi- 

 ble stalks, each by itself, something like Grape-vines, as, for 

 instance, the Marshal Niel. They are sheltered by frames just 

 high enough above the ground to allow of man walking about 

 inside. At the height of the season, from December 15th 

 to April 15th, the Park of Roses sends away an average of 

 five hundred dozen roses a day. 



At the last Floral Exposition at Nice I had an opportunity 

 to admire the choicest products of Mr. Mari's establishment. 

 There were Paul Neyron Roses more than twelve centimetres 

 (four and three-fourths inches) in diameter ; Marshal Niels so 

 enlarged that a dozen buds half-opened weighed together more 

 than eight hundred grammes (1.76 pounds avoirdupois), some 

 La France Roses of a marvelous size and symmetry, and some 

 Paul Nabonnands, nearly as large as the Paul Neyrons, and of 

 adeliciously fresh color. All the roses, without exception, had 

 a perfection of form and a brightness of tint which left nottiing 

 to be desired. It is no secret that a large proportion of the 

 most beautiful roses in the most elegant flower-shops in Paris 

 come in a direct line from those cultivated by Mr. Mari. 



The Park of Roses brings to its proprietor a net annual 

 revenue of 10,000 or 12,000 francs for every two and one-half 

 acres of land. 



Late June in the Garden. 



I HAVE been wishing for an artist's skill to portray the 

 pretty picture that greeted my eyes the other day when I 

 peeped into a Yucca bell. They were not fairies, the dainty 

 occupants, but they were as pretty as fairies, although they 

 took the shape of pure white moths less than an inch long, 

 who had fancied the Yucca's spotless cool interior for a noon- 

 day nap. There were at least a dozen of them. I looked into 

 other bells on other Yuccas and found them occupied by the 

 same airy visitants. Are these the Yucca moths whose mis- 

 sion is to fertilize these beautiful blossoms, and thus to pay 

 for bed and board .■■ A heavy thunder-shower came up ; the 

 Yuccas swayed in the wind, bent over until they swept the 

 ground, and the blossom seemed too frail a tenement to sustain 

 its occupants. I felt sure that they would be dislodged and 

 blown about at the mercy of the elements. The rain fell in 

 sheets, and when the storm was over I peeped again into the 

 dripping bells. Not a moth guest was discomposed ; all 

 seemed to sleep serenely, waiting for the fire-fly signals that 

 should herald the summer-night and awaken them to elf-like 

 revels under the mighty Oaks. 



Nothing can be more beautiful than the night aspect of the 

 immense clusters of Yuccas, some of them planted forty years 

 ago, which are now blooming in many places in the old gar- 

 den, holding up tall candelabra to be filled with moonlight, 

 which they catch in every chalice of pearl. Some of the flower- 

 stalks are seven and eight feet in height. The first to bloom 

 was Y. filamentosa, variety flaccida. Several varieties planted 

 last year, such as Y. superba, Y. angustifolia and Y. recurva, 

 have not yet bloomed, but are making satisfactory growth. 

 These crown a little hillock north of the house, in company with 

 some Rhododendrons, Aucubas, Laurels and Arundo donax. 

 With all of these they combine effectively. They seem to 

 rather enjoy drought and neglect, and thrive well when left to 

 themselves, but are very easy to transplant and hard to 

 kill. I have seen them rooted and blooming happily op top of 

 an old rubbish-heap where they had been thrown to die. 



The common name for this plant hereabout is Chff-lily. I 

 do not know why it is so called, unless it be liat it prefers 

 hilly ground ia its wild state. Several years ago, when I knew 

 the l)Ot;niic;il names of very few phmts, I was led Ijy the en- 

 ticing descriptions ;uid beautiful illustrations — which I did not 

 recognize — in the calalogucs to send for a few roots of Yucca 

 filamentosa, and was as much chargrincd as surprised to find 

 when they came that they were the familiar Cliff-lilies with 

 which the garden was already overstocked. 



Trumpet Creeper (Tecoma radicans) is flaunting its orange- 

 scarlet blossoms everywhere. It has subjugated the old 

 paling-fence and converted it into a most luxuriant hedge, and 

 it scolTs at all control and riots over the beds and up the shrubs 

 and trees, peeps out in most unexpected places and keeps one 

 busy all summer long in the vain eflbrt to reduce it to sub- 

 mission. Now it is detected in the act of strangling a 

 promising young fruit-tree, again it is quarreling with the 

 Clematises for the possession of a trellis ; it has taken all the 

 best places in the Honeysuckle-arbor, and conquered a rock- 

 brake under the Cherry-trees north-east of the house, which 

 it beautifies in its own wild fashion, and where it is quite wel- 

 come to twist and twine and luxuriate at will. 



Very large clumps of Hollyhocks of white, yellow, rose, red 

 and wine-colored shades are still blooming. One of these 

 clumps in front of the carriage-house seems most appropri- 

 ately placed. There is a suggestion of homeliness about this 

 flower, in spite of its stately beauty, which makes it fit such a 

 situation best. Farther down the grove, in too close proximity 

 to the Oaks and other forest-trees, it would seem misplaced, 

 but in the neighborhood of buildings and in fence-corners and 

 garden-borders it is perfectly at home. 



Many Spiraeas are now blooming. Among the prettiest of 

 these is S. Bumalda, which is a Spirgea of small size, growing 

 rapidly to maturity in good soil, and producing its pretty clus- 

 ters of pink blossoms all summer long. It is grouped with the 

 white variety, S. callosa, and the pink and white flowers of 

 these two Spiragas mingle very pleasingly. 



S. sorbifolia is just coming into flower, and is a large bush 

 of rapid growth, handsome white flowers and beautiful 

 Mountain Ash-like foliage. It is planted in' company with S. 

 Lindleyana, which has not yet blossomed at Rose Brake. This 

 latter has somewhat similar foliage, seems quite hardy here, 

 but does not grow very fast. 



S. callosa is now very pretty, with large clusters of bright 

 pink showy flowers, and S. Billardii is a great bush, covered 

 with spikes of rosy bloom, very ugly when they fade, and re- 

 quiring much attention from the garden-scissors to keep it 

 presentable. 



Privets are flowering, and a pretty little Cytisus, labeled C. 

 capitatus, is giving a few heads of bright yellow blossoms, 

 which are slightly fragrant. Ceanothus Americanus, or New 

 Jersey Tea, is a neat little shrub with numerous clusters of tiny 

 white flowers, very much resorted to by little, round, shiny 

 black rose-bugs, dainty little epicures, which seem to prefer all 

 our prettiest flowers. They are very troublesome to the Ra- 

 manas Roses, which are still in bloom, and they eat the blos- 

 soms of the pink-flowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus), 

 whose boasted fragrance I am unable to detect, although I 

 am, perhaps, unusually sensitive to the perfume of flowers. 



At this season the Polyantha, or Fairy Roses, flower very 

 profusely. Indeed, they never stop blooming until checked 

 by hard frosts. The hybrid Clematises, though some of them 

 are less interesfing than the species, are giving abundant flow- 

 ers of various colors, and the pure Madonna Lilies, which are 

 very beautiful in a large cluster on the lawn. 



The meadows are gay with white, purple and pink Larkspurs, 

 with Milkweed, white and yellow Daisies, the blue flowers of the 

 Viper's Bugloss, and many other sturdy plants. Here and there 

 an orange-colored patch of Asclepias tuberosa delights the eye ; 

 neglected orchards are overrun with Wild Mustard, and Elder- 

 blossoms are still whitening the hedge-rows and corners of the 

 pasture-fields with late wild Roses in loving companionship. 

 Rose Brake, w. Va. Danske Dandridge. 



The Mutual Influence of the Stock and the Graft. 



IN the report of the Michigan Horticultural Society for 

 1 89 1 Mr. A. A. Crozier has a most instructive paper on 

 this subject. He collects together most of the opinions 

 which have been published, together with the evidence 

 upon which these opinions are based. As a rule, the ob- 

 servations here put on record have not been based on 

 direct experiment undertaken for the particular purpose of 

 determining the modifying influence of either the stock or 



