August 17, 1892.] 



Garden and Forest. 



393 



and becomes a truly dazzling mass of scarlet. In order to se- 

 cure such results generous treatment is necessary, and should 

 be begun early in the summer. Care should be taken that the 

 plants do not become dry, and they should be shifted on as the 

 roots require it. The soil should be a rich light loam, 

 in which a liberal allowance of dry cow-manure should be 

 mixed, and after repotting the plants should be carefully watered 

 for a week or two until the roots take hold of the new soil. 



During the summer E. pulcherrima may be stood outdoors, 

 this inducing a more stocky growth, but I think it advisable to 

 place the plants in such a location that they can be' covered with 

 some sashes during rainy weather, for, when exposed to too 

 much rain, they are apt to lose the lower foliage, and a long 

 naked stem is no addition to their beauty. Some growers adopt 

 the less troublesome plan of planting Euphorbias out in the 

 open ground during the summer, but one great objection to 

 this method is found in the fact that they do not lift well, the 

 growth being soft and sappy, and, consequently, much foliage 

 is lost in the operation if the weathershould prove unfavorable. 

 But, whatever method be adopted, it is not wise to allow these 

 plants to remain outdoors after the nights become cool in the 

 fall, for they are quite susceptible to cold, and a check of that 

 character will result in smaller bracts. 



After blooming, the old plants may be laid away under the 

 benches in a warm house, and they will not require any water 

 until it is time to start them into growth again in the spring, 

 when they should be pruned back hard, and shaken out before 

 repotting. Cuttings may be made of the old wood secured at 

 the time of pruning, or from young shoots from three to six 

 inches long, taken off with a heel of harder wood attached, the 

 latter placed in a close propagating-frame and carefully pro- 

 tected from the sun, and they will with proper attention soon 

 make roots. The young plants secured by the latter method will 

 make a useful size for conservatory decoration during the fol- 

 lowing winter, providing they are potted on when necessary. 



In addition to the type there is a double-bracted form of this 

 plant known as E. pulcherrima plenissima, the whole centre of 

 which is filled up with a crowded mass of smaller bracts of 

 similar color to the original species. The form in question, 

 one of the discoveries of the veteran collector, Mr. B. 

 Roezel, created quite an excitement in the horticultural world 

 at the time of its introduction, between fifteen and twentv 

 years ago. The bracts of the double form are more lasting 

 than those of the type, and, if water is not allowed to collect 

 in the flower-heads, they may be kept in good condition 

 on the plants for fully two months. 



Another handsome variety is E. pulcherrima major (also 

 known as E. rosea carminata), in which the bracts are of me- 

 dium size and of a pleasing shade of carmine. There is also 

 a variety with white bracts, but this is inclined to be weedy-look- 

 ing, and is but little grown at the present time. 



Philadelphia, Pa. H. 



Coreopsis monstrosus, sent out recently by a Continental nur- 

 seryman, proves to be an improved form of what is usually 

 known in gardens as C. lanceolata, but which is correctly C. 

 grandiflora. The fohage is identical, and the variety is a very 

 vigorous grower, a small specimen received early in the year 

 forming now a large plant. The flowers are of a deep yellow, 

 and somewhat larger than the type. The individual petals are 

 very broad, from three-fourths to seven-eighths of an inch 

 broad. As compared with other plants which represent the 

 best hitherto attainable, the Monstrosus is distinctly an im- 

 provement. It seeds freely, but probably it will be necessary 

 to propagate it by root-cuttings or side-shoots as usual. 



Carnation Cyclops. — A few years ago a French nurseryman 

 offered a strain of seed under the name of Dianthus plum'arius 

 hybridus, said to be a cross between D. plumarius and a Re- 

 montant Carnation. Plants from these proved to be very 

 hardy, and were furnished with single flowers of an unattrac- 

 tive dull magenta. The strain offered as C. Cyclops seems to 

 be a similar cross with a wider range of colors, some of which 

 are pleasing, and it bids fair to be a useful plant for the gar- 

 den. Double-flowering kinds were also offered, but these were 

 not experimented with. The seeds of these germinated very 

 strongly, in marked contrast with the Redondo Carnations 

 offered by H. A. Dreer. These are said to have originated in 

 California. The plants have very glaucous Carnation-like 

 leaves, and there seems to be a great range of form and color- 

 ing among the flov,'ers which are now showing. As they are 

 very fragrant, come into flower the first season, and many of 

 them are double and of good color, this strain seems to be 

 worthy of further trial. 



Elizabeth, N.J. G. 



The Forest. 



Forestry in Prussia. 



IN former numbers we have quoted extracts from a chap- 

 ter on the "Woods of Minnesota,'' prepared b}^ Mr. H. 

 B. Ayres for the last volume of the Geological Survey of 

 that state. Another portion of the same admirable paper 

 includes some observations of Mr. Gifford Pinchot on 

 Forestry in Prussia, which we reproduce below : 



"All forest-management may be said to rest on two closely 

 related facts which are so self-evident that they might almost 

 be called axioms of forestry, but which, like other axioms, lead 

 to conclusions of far-reaching application. These are, first, 

 that trees require many years to reach merchantable' size ; 

 and, secondly, that a forest-crop cannot be taken every year 

 from the same land. From the last statement it follows that a 

 definite far-seeing plan is necessary for the rational manage- 

 ment of any forest, from the first ; thatforest-property is safest 

 under the supervision of some imperishable guardian, or, in 

 other words, of the state." 



"Holding it as a duty to preserve the woodlands for the 

 present share which they take in the economy of the nation, 

 the state has recognized as well the obligation to hand dowii 

 its forest-wealth unimpaired to future generations. It has 

 recognized and respected equally the place which the forest 

 holds in relation to agriculture and in the economy of nature, 

 and hence feels itself doubly bound to protect its woodlands! 

 In a word, it has been seen that in its direct and indirect in- 

 fluence the forest plays a most important part in the story of 

 human progress, and that the advance of civilization only 

 serves to make it more indispensable." 



It has, therefore, steadily refused to deliver its forests to 

 more or less speedy destruction by allowing them to pass into 

 the hands of shorter-lived and less provident owners. 



Even in the times of the greatest financial difficulty, when 

 Prussia was overrun and nearly annihilated by the French, the 

 idea of selling the state forests was neverseriously entertained. 



But the Government of Prussia has not stopped here. Pro- 

 tection standing alone is irrational and incomplete. The 

 cases where a forest reaches its highest usefulness by simply 

 existing are rare. The immense capital which the state wood- 

 lands represent is not permitted to lie idle, and the forest, as 

 a timber producer, has taken its place among the permanent 

 features of the land. The Government has done the only wise 

 thing by managing its own forests through its own forest- 

 officers. 



"Donner, now Overland Forstmeister, in a work which 

 carries all the weight of an official document, says : 



" ' The fundamental rules for the management of state forests 

 are these: First, to keep rigidly within the bounds of con- 

 servative treatment; and secondl}', to attain, consistently with 

 such treatment, the greatest output of most useful products 

 in the shortest time.' 



"The state believes itself bound, in the administration of 

 its forests, to keep in view the common good of the people, 

 and that as well with respect to the lasting satisfaction of the 

 demand for timber and other forest-produce, as to the numer- 

 ous other purposes which the forest serves. It holds fast the 

 duty to treat the Government wood-lands as a trust held for 

 the nation as a whole, to the end that it may enjoy for the 

 present the highest satisfaction of its needs for forest-produce 

 and the protection which the forest gives, and for all future 

 time, at least an equal share of equal blessings." 



"The forest is a trust handed down from former times, 

 whose value lies not only in its immediate production of wood! 

 but also essentially in the benefit to agriculture of its immedi- 

 ate influence on climate, weather-protections in various ways, 

 the conservation of the soil, etc. The forest has significance 

 not only for the present nor for its owner alone ; it has sig- 

 nificance as well for the future and for the whole of the 

 people." 



"With respect to the second class of forest-property, that 

 belonging to towns, villages and other public bodies, it is 

 again impossible to speak for the whole of Germany except 

 upon the broadest lines. The state everywhere exercises 

 oversight and a degree of control over the management of 

 these forests, but the sphere of its action varies within very 

 wide limits. Even within the individual states it does not re- 

 main the same. Thus far, however, the action of the Govern- 

 ment is alike, not only throughout Prussia, but in all parts of 

 Germany. It prevents absolutely the treatment of any forest 

 of this class under improvident or wasteful metliods ; nor 

 does it allow any measure to be carried into effect which 



