6l2 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 252. 



of the ravine, so that it is difficult to limit the horticultural 

 possibilities here. Tlie water-supply is large ; a number of 

 greenhouses could be heated by pipes, and the warm southern 

 exposure, if terraced, would serve for a whole series of winter 

 houses for t)ie forcing of liowers for San Francisco. Any gar- 

 dener can appreciate the comfort of having a constant flow of 

 eighty-tive degrees water, summer and winter, in a California 

 climate. Of course, the temperature lessens in the lower 

 tanks to eighty degrees, seventy-five degrees and seventy de- 

 grees, or thereabout, but it is eighty-live degrees many yards 

 from where it breaks forth from the mountain. 

 Beik.:iey, Cal. Charles Harvard Shinn. 



Notes. 



Grape vines can be pruned any time after their leaves fall 

 until late in February, but for many reasons it is best not to 

 delay the work until very cold weather. When it is done on a 

 comparatively warm day, it is not only more comfortable for 

 the pruner but better for the vine. 



The Canadian Lumberman says that in a warped board the 

 convex side of the curve is always toward the heart of the tree. 

 The warping is due to unequal shrinkage, and it is easily under- 

 stood therefore why the middle plank is less subject to this 

 trouble than cuts from the other parts of the log. 



The thirty-eighth annual meeting of the Western New York 

 Horticultural Society will be held at Rochester on the 25th and 

 26th of January. No one interested in horticulture, and 

 especially in fruit-growing, can listen to the reports, papers 

 and discussions at these meetings without pleasure and 

 profit. 



A dendrological society has recently been organized in Ger- 

 many under the presidency of Baron St. Paul. Its object is to 

 promote the scientific study of trees. Meetings are to be held 

 regularly, and a journal specially devoted to this branch of 

 botanical science, which every year is growing in importance 

 and interest, is to be founded. 



The one hundred and eighteenth volume of the Botanical 

 Magazine, vv'hich closes with the number for December, is 

 dedicated to Mr. Henry Trimen, Director of the Botanic Gar- 

 dens of Peradeniya, in Ceylon, which "he has maintained in 

 their former and admired condition," and which, under his 

 able management, "have been greatly advanced m beauty, 

 utility and scientific importance." 



Professor J. T. Rothrock has given up his active work in the 

 Biological Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and 

 as general secretary of the Pennsylvania Forestry Association 

 will use his best efforts to excite the interest of the people 

 throughout the state in forestry, and to unite its citizens in 

 efforts to preserve such forests as now remain in the state and 

 to encourage propagation of new growths of timber. 



When house plants are accidentally frosted, they should be 

 dipped into cold water or, if too large for that, they should be 

 sprinkled with cold water and then set in total darkness. 

 Under such treatment many of them will come out in two or 

 three days as fresh as ever. Of course it is better that they 

 should not be allowed to freeze, and it is a good plan to roll 

 the stand away from the window on cold nights, or to fasten 

 several thicknesses of newspaper between the plants and the 

 window. 



A recent issue of Le Journal des Orc/iidees contains the por- 

 traits and descriptions of two remarkable plants recently ex- 

 hibited from the collection of Monsieur G. Warocqut? at the 

 fortieth meeting of L'Orchid^enne at Brussels. The first was 

 a marvelous specimen of Cypripedium Harrisianum, the first 

 artificial hybrid Cypripedium which flowered in Europe. It 

 measured more than tour feet in diameter and carried ninety- 

 four flowers. Not less remarkable was the specimen of Cat- 

 tleya Warocqueana with sixty-four flowers in four, five and six 

 flowered clusters. 



At the last meeting of the Montreal Horticultural Society 

 Mr. John Perrin, in a paper on the "Culture of Mushrooms in 

 Winter," recommended that light sheets of paper, such as 

 newspaper, should be spread over them as soon as the clumps 

 appear, and that they should be syringed lightly two or three 

 times a day. Under this treatment they grow faster, become 

 larger and weigh more, having perfect form and color as well 

 as improved flavor. If allowed to become to any extent dry 

 and discolored by the air, they at once acquire an unpleasant 

 taste similar to that of meat which has been too long exposed 

 to the air. 



A writer in the Alew England Magazine, in speaking of the 

 Sahara, says that however barren it is in summer the soil is so 

 rich that the day following a rainfall wild Grass will be observed 

 growing, especially in the depressions, but the sunshine in a 

 day or two will soon scorch it. The general surface of the 

 Sahara, although parched and fiery in summer, wears a mantle 

 of green on all places uncovered by arid sand after the first 

 autiminal rainfall. It keeps green all winter, and from that 

 verdure the Bedouins derive their only means of life, the food 

 of their numerous herds of cattle, which is the only tribute 

 which that immense waste pays to humanity. 



A correspondent of the Ainerican Florist ■wnies that a grower 

 of Carnations near Nashville, Tennessee, sets his plants in the 

 open ground in baskets about four inches in diameter made 

 from common wire fencing with a two-inch mesh. The bas- 

 kets are made by cutting the fencing into strips about twelve 

 inches long and four inches wide, bringing the ends together 

 and folding one end in. Small plants are set out in these bas- 

 kets in the spring, where they remain in the open ground all 

 summer, and in the autumn the basketis lifted with the plant 

 and transferred to the greenhouse bench. The plant thus has 

 the advantage of being bedded out constantly and is always 

 transplanted with a good ball of soil. 



Monsieur Edward Andre, the distinguished landscape-gar- 

 dener of Paris, has been appointed professor of the architecture 

 of gardens and greenhouses at the iScole Nationaled'HorticuI- 

 ture at Versailles. The new course will include theoretical 

 and practical instruction in the art of designing and construct- 

 ing gardens and parks. Excursions will be made imder the di- 

 rection of the professor in order that the students may be able to 

 seethe best examples of the different styles of landscape-gar- 

 dening. This is the first time that a chair specially devoted to 

 furnishing instruction in this art has been created, and Mon- 

 sieur Andre has the honor of being the first professor of land- 

 scape-gardening. Systematic instruction in this most important 

 of all branches of the gardener's art could not have been en- 

 trusted to a more able, learned and experienced practitioner, 

 and other schools and universities will do well to follow the 

 example which has been set for them at Versailles. 



The following list of fragrant Chrysanthemums is given in 

 an English paper: Chrysippe, an incurved flower of bright 

 rosy purple edged with white ; the standard old Cullingfordi, 

 a reflexed variety and one of the best crimsons ; Dr. Sharp, 

 another reflexed kind, amaranth-purple in color ; Exquisite, 

 a pure white single-flowered kind with long narrow florets ; 

 Faust, bright purple and incurved ; Gus Harris, a single 

 flower with bright lilac florets ; Annie Manda, a beautiful 

 hairy variety of pure white ; Mrs. Langtry, a pale rose ; 

 Nymphasa, a single white kind with florets incurving with age, 

 and Progne, having deep purple flowers of medium size with 

 reflexed florets. The last is pronounced the best Chrysanthe- 

 mum in cultivation for fragrance. It blooms profusely and 

 the odor resembles that of the Violet. The fragrance of some 

 others is agreeable but indescribable, except in Dr. Sharp, 

 which somewhat resembles that of Progne, and Gus Harris, 

 which is Hawthorn-like. 



Bulletin 44 of the Cornell University Experiment Station is 

 devoted to the Pear-tree psylla, which suddenly appeared early 

 in 1891 in many widely separated portions of New York and 

 the neighboring states, and destroyed thousands of dollars' 

 worth of fruit and many valuable trees. It was not a new pest 

 here, having been imported, probably, as long ago as 1832 

 from Europe. No doubt it has been slowly increasing in num- 

 bers until, under favorable opportunities, it all at once worked 

 immense damage. This year the insect did little injury in the 

 orchards which it devastated last year, but it is an enemy 

 against whose attacks pear-growers must ever be on the alert. 

 They should examine their orchards just when the leaves are 

 expanding, and if the nymphs are numerous the trees should 

 be sprayed at once with the kerosene emulsion. A second and 

 third spraying will be profitable if the attack is serious, and 

 especially if but little rain falls to wash off the honey-dew. The 

 destruction of the nymphs is practicable during a period of 

 about two weeks in the middle of May, and a thorough spray- 

 ing then will so discourage them that little attention will be 

 needed later in the season. Most of the damage is done be- 

 fore the middle of June, but spraying after this date will de- 

 crease the number of insects from which the hibernating 

 forms are produced, and the orchard may be saved from a se- 

 vere attack the following year. The pamphlet contains 

 twenty-five pages, and will be found very complete and inter- 

 esting as well as instructive and useful to every one who has a 

 Pear-tree. 



