CoLEis'so. — Botany of tlie JSToiih Island of JSfew Zealand. 2G1 



of tlie koliiituhutu or kotukutuku {Fuchsia excorticata^ ; the kokoko or poro- 

 poro (Solanum aviculare), wkick, too, was sometimes planted; tke fruits of 

 tke five following timber trees, — tke miro (JPodocarpus ferruginea) , tke mataii 

 (P. spicata), tke totara (P. totard), tke kakikatea (P. dacrydioides), tke frnit 

 of wkick was called koroi, and tke rimu (Dacrydium cupressinuvi) ; and also 

 tke fruit (ureure) and sugary bract-like spadices (tawkara) of tke climbing 

 plant kiekie (fFreycinetia hanhsii). Tke watery koney from tke periantks of 

 tke korari {JPhormium tenax and Ph. colensoi) was also collected and eaten 

 in large quantities ; and so was a similar substance from tke flowers of tke 

 pokutukawa {Metrosideros tomentosd). (b.) Tkose wkick were less often 

 used : tke curious red fruit {arillus') of tke titoki or titongi (Alectnjon 

 excelsuni) ; tke fruit of tke tutupapa (Coriaria thymifolia) ; of tke New 

 Zealand bramble, tataramoa {liubus austraUs') ; of two of tke New Zealand 

 myrtles, tke ramarama {Myrhcs hullata), and tke rokutu {M. pedunculatd) ; 

 of several species of Coprosma, particularly of tke karamu {G. lucida and 

 O. rolusta'), of tke papaauma (C. grandifolid) , and of tke two littoral species- 

 taupata (G. retusci), and tatarakeke (C. acerosd) ; of tke koropuku {Gaul- 

 theria depressd) ; of tke poroporo {Solanum nigruiii) ; of tke kawakawa {Piper 

 excelsum) ; and of tke karaeao or pirita {BMpogomom parviflorum) . Tke 

 pollen also of tke flowers of tke large bulrusk {Typlia angustifolid) Avas 

 extensively collected in its season by tke soutkern tribes, and made into 

 large gingerbread-like cakes, called pungapunga. Besides wkick tke follow- 

 ing roots and plants Vv'ere often eaten, viz., tke roots, cooked, of tke panaki 

 {Galystegia sepium) ; of tke maikaika {Arthropodium cirrhatum) ; tke tubers 

 of several small orckideous genera, suck as several species of Thelymitra, 

 of Microtus porrifolia, of Ortlioceras strictum, and of Gastrodia cunningliamii, 

 containing " salep ; " tke roots of tke little sugary tikoraka {Gordyline 

 sfricta), of tke large ti or cabbage-tree {G. attstralis), and of tke large fern, 

 para {Marattia salicina). Also, tke cooked leaves and kerbaceous tops of 

 tke toi {Barlarea austmlis), and of tke poroporo or raupeti {Solanum 

 nigrum) ; and tke baked inner stems and sago-like pitk of tke large black 

 fern tree, korau or mamaku {Gyathea onedullaris) . Tke young succulent 

 unexpanded skoots of several ferns, suck as tkose of Pferis escidenta, 

 Asplenium lucidum, A. hulhiferum, and Botrychiiim virginicum ; several fungi, 

 ckief among wkick were tke four following, wkick grow on trees, — tke 

 karori {Agaricus adiposus), tke kakeke and tke popoiakakeke {Poly- 

 porus sp.), and tke pekepekekiore {Sydnum clatliroides) ; also tkree terres- 

 trial ones— tke paruwkatitiri {Ileodictyon ciharium), tke pukurau {Ly coper don 

 fontanessii), and tke curious species Aseroe riihra. Tke young inner 

 blaneked leaves and keart of tke ti or cabbage-tree {Gordyline ausiralis), and 

 of tke nikau or New Zealand palm {Areca sapida), were eaten botk raw and 



