396 Essays. 



that tlie New Zealanders, like most other uncivilized people, most pertina- 

 ciously adhere to the plans, patterns, and sort of things made by their 

 ancestors : — (a) all the various kinds of New Zealand canoes are very 

 differently made ; (h) they have no outrigger ; (c) the New Zealanders 

 never used the Jccma root, notwithstanding a very closely allied species of 

 Piper grows throughout New Zealand ; (c?) nor the bow and arrows ; (e) 

 the New Zealanders invariably carry their burthens on their backs, the 

 Sandwich Islanders on a balance j)ole over the shoulders ; {f) the New 

 Zealander has no words for swearing, oath, or vow ; {g) the New Zealander 

 never practised circumcision ; * (Ji) nor had any temples for religious 

 worship ; (^■) nor idols ; {j) nor king ; {Jc) they knew not the names of the 

 numerous chief gods of the Sandwich Islands ; (/) their old customs respect- 

 ing their chiefs, &c., do not agree ; {on) their tattooing is different ; (n) 

 they had no " refuge cities " (a most remarkable custom, only found at the 

 Sandwich Islands) : and (3) from there being no vestige of any of their 

 several emigrations from Hawaiki, and of the wars, &c., which occasioned such 

 (as related by the New Zealander), to be found in the ancient history of the 

 people of the Sandwich Islands, whose traditions are much more ancient and 

 clear than those of the New Zealanders. 



(iii.) Others have supposed the largest island of the Samoan, or Navi- 

 gator, group, called by the same name, Saioaii (the sibilant being used for 

 the aspirate — Sawaii, Hawaii, Hawaiki), to be the Hawaiki of the New 

 Zealanders. This opinion has been warmly supported by several later 

 writers,! but, with the sole exception of the Samoan group being only half 

 the distance from New Zealand that the Sandwich Islands are, certainly 

 with much less reason than the former. For, in addition to the objections 

 adduced against the Sandwich Islands being the New Zealand home, or 

 Hawaiki, here, at the Samoan group, they never tattoo their heads and 

 upper part of their bodies, but only from the waist downwards, and that in 

 a wholly di:fferent style ; the women also are never tattooed ; the men, in- 

 cluding chiefs of the highest rank, do all the cooking ;|| their dialect, on the 

 whole, has much less affinity with that of New Zealand ; their traditions 

 about the creation of the earth, &c., are widely different ; and the kumara, 

 or sweet potato (common at the Sandwich Isles), they have not among 

 them. 



* Vide Cook's Voyages, 4to ed., vol. iii. p. 50. 



t Erskine's " Journal of a Crviise in the Western Pacific," p. 103, ed. 1853 : et al. 

 It may be noticed, by tbe way, that Dr. Thomson, 'in his elaborate compilation, 

 " Story of New Zealand," London, 1859, speaks of this view as heing peculiarly/ his otvn. 



II Turner says, " The dtities of cooking devolve on -the men ; and all, even chiefs of the 

 highest rank, consider it no disgrace to assist in the cooking-house." — Nineteen Years in 

 Folynesia, p. 196. 



